The present study addresses two critical controversies surrounding the emerging Industry 5.0 agenda. Firstly, it seeks to elucidate the driving forces behind the accelerated momentum of the Industry 5.0 agenda amidst the ongoing digital industrial transformation. Secondly, it explores how the agenda’s sustainability values can be effectively realised. The study conducted a comprehensive content-centric literature synthesis and identified how Industry 4.0 shortcomings adversely impacted sustainability values. Furthermore, the study implements a novel approach that determines how and in what order the sustainability functions of Industry 4.0 should be leveraged to promote the sustainability objectives of Industry 5.0. Results reveal that Industry 4.0 has benefited economic and environmental sustainability values most at the organisational and supply chain levels. Nonetheless, most micro and meso-social sustainability values have been adversely impacted by Industry 4.0. Similarly, Industry 4.0 has been worryingly detrimental to macro sustainability values like social or economic growth equality. These contradictory implications of Industry 4.0 have pulled the Industry 5.0 agenda. However, the results identified nine sustainability functions of Industry 4.0 that, when leveraged appropriately and in the correct order, can offer important implications for realising the economic and socio-environmental goals of Industry 5.0. For example, under extreme unpredictability of business world uncertainties, the business should first leverage the automation and integration capabilities of Industry 4.0 to gain the necessary cost-saving, resource efficiency, risk management capability, and business antifragility that allow them to introduce sustainable innovation into their business model without jeopardising their survival. Various scenarios for empowering Industry 5.0 sustainability values identified in the present study offer important implications for knowledge and practice.

本研究解决了围绕新兴工业 5.0 议程的两个关键争议。首先，它试图阐明在持续的数字工业转型中工业5.0议程加速势头背后的驱动力。其次，探讨了如何有效实现议程的可持续价值。该研究进行了以内容为中心的全面文献综合，并确定了工业 4.0 的缺点如何对可持续发展价值产生不利影响。此外，该研究采用了一种新颖的方法，确定如何以及以何种顺序利用工业 4.0 的可持续发展功能来促进工业 5.0 的可持续发展目标。结果表明，工业 4.0 在组织和供应链层面对经济和环境可持续性价值的影响最大。尽管如此，大多数微观和中观社会可持续发展价值观都受到了工业 4.0 的不利影响。同样，令人担忧的是，工业 4.0 不利于社会或经济增长平等等宏观可持续价值观。工业 4.0 的这些矛盾影响已经拉开了工业 5.0 的议程。然而，结果确定了工业 4.0 的九项可持续发展功能，如果以正确的顺序适当利用这些功能，可以为实现工业 5.0 的经济和社会环境目标提供重要影响。例如，在商业世界的不确定性极其不可预测的情况下，企业应首先利用工业4.0的自动化和集成能力来获得必要的成本节约、资源效率、风险管理能力和业务反脆弱性，从而使他们能够将可持续创新引入到行业中。他们的商业模式而不危及他们的生存。本研究中确定的赋予工业 5.0 可持续性价值的各种场景对知识和实践具有重要意义。