This study explored the associations between peripheral immunity with cerebral small vessel diseases. Older adults without dementia from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were investigated. Peripheral blood was obtained, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure cerebral microbleeds (CMB), lacunar infarctions (LI), and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Multivariable-adjusted regression models, linear mixed-effects models, and the Spearman correlations were used to evaluate the associations. At baseline, individuals with greater neutrophils (odds ratio [OR] =1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.20, =0.042) and monocytes (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.22, =0.016) had higher WMH volume. On the contrary, a higher lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was related to lower WMH volume (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.82–1.00, =0.041). Longitudinally, higher neutrophils (ρ=0.084, =0.049) and NLR (ρ=0.111, =0.009) predicted accelerated progression of WMH volume, while a greater LMR (ρ=−0.101, =0.018) was linked to slower growth of WMH volume. Nevertheless, associations between peripheral immunity with CMB or LI were not observed at baseline and follow-up. Our study found that peripheral immune indexes could serve as convenient noninvasive biomarkers of WMH.

中文翻译：

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无痴呆老年人外周免疫与脑小血管疾病的关联：一项纵向研究

本研究探讨了外周免疫与脑小血管疾病之间的关联。阿尔茨海默病神经影像计划对没有痴呆的老年人进行了调查。获取外周血，并进行磁共振成像来测量脑微出血（CMB）、腔隙性梗死（LI）和白质高信号（WMH）。使用多变量调整回归模型、线性混合效应模型和 Spearman 相关性来评估相关性。基线时，中性粒细胞较多（比值比 [OR] =1.10，95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.00–1.20，=0.042）和单核细胞（OR=1.12，95% CI 1.02–1.22，=0.016）的个体具有较高的 WMH体积。相反，较高的淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率 (LMR) 与较低的 WMH 体积相关（OR=0.91，95% CI 0.82–1.00，=0.041）。纵向上，较高的中性粒细胞 (ρ=0.084, =0.049) 和 NLR (ρ=0.111, =0.009) 预测 WMH 体积的加速进展，而较大的 LMR (ρ=−0.101, =0.018) 与 WMH 体积增长缓慢相关。然而，在基线和随访时并未观察到外周免疫与 CMB 或 LI 之间的关联。我们的研究发现外周免疫指标可以作为 WMH 方便的非侵入性生物标志物。