In recent decades, a spectral turn has animated geography and related fields like archaeology, memory studies, and landscape studies, examining how places can be haunted by the ghosts of the past, with heavy emphasis on metaphorical specters and spirits. The geography of spirits and other unseen forces presented here takes a less metaphorical approach to haunted landscapes. This paper examines how spirits have traditionally dwelt within everyday places and objects like trees and stones in Palestine, and how people have sought to cohabitate with or settle such spirits. Attending to the physical geography of the spirit world can shed light on how spaces become sacred through belief and practice, and how sacred spaces are continuously remade within changing social, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing together historical observations by European and Palestinian ethnographers and interweaving the voices of Palestinian elders in the form of recorded oral history testimonies, this paper examines the typologies and environments of spirits and jinn in Palestine, with particular attention to water demons and haunted trees. The paper reflects on how these unseen forces play a role in establishing moral, gendered, and sacred boundaries, while at the same time blurring boundaries between popular religion and religious orthodoxy.

中文翻译：

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巴勒斯坦的恶魔、灵魂和闹鬼的风景

近几十年来，幽灵转向给地理学和考古学、记忆研究和景观研究等相关领域带来了活力，研究了过去的鬼魂如何困扰某些地方，并重点关注隐喻的幽灵和灵魂。这里呈现的精神和其他看不见的力量的地理学对闹鬼的景观采取了一种不那么隐喻的方法。本文探讨了精神传统上如何居住在巴勒斯坦的日常场所和物体（如树木和石头）中，以及人们如何寻求与这些精神同居或定居。研究精神世界的自然地理可以揭示空间如何通过信仰和实践变得神圣，以及神圣空间如何在不断变化的社会、文化和政治背景下不断重塑。本文汇集了欧洲和巴勒斯坦民族志学家的历史观察，并以口述历史证词的形式交织了巴勒斯坦长者的声音，研究了巴勒斯坦精灵和精灵的类型和环境，特别关注水恶魔和闹鬼的树。本文反思了这些看不见的力量如何在建立道德、性别和神圣界限方面发挥作用，同时模糊了大众宗教和正统宗教之间的界限。