In Photovoltaic (PV) cooling systems, the use of phase change materials (PCMs) to control temperature is crucial, especially for low-cost the materials with high latent heat. Sodium carbonate decahydrate (SCD) may a suitable candidate material, but its properties need to be modified. In this study, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and hot disk were utilized to characterize the properties of the modified materials. It was observed that xanthan gum (GX) effectively prevents phase separation. Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (TPD), anhydrous sodium carbonate (ASC), and strontium chloride hexahydrate (SCH) are used as effective nucleating agents, However, after adding these agents, the latent heat of the system is significantly reduced, For example, in the SCD, GX, and TPD (SGT) system, the supercooling degree can be maintained at 5.2, the phase transition temperature is 33.3, and the latent heat of phase change is 193.3 J/g. Additionally, research has shown that super absorbent resin 20 mesh (SAP-20) possesses a porous three-dimensional network structure. Its non-ionic hydrophilic group forms stable intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules, effectively preventing the loss of crystal water in hydrated salts. When a 5 % mass fraction (mt) of SAP-20 is added, it prevents SGT from leaking, and increases the phase change temperature and latent heat of fusion by 20.42 % and 19.61 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the composite material of 5 % mt SAP-20/SGT is an excellent candidate for PV cooling systems.

中文翻译：

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新型储能相变材料十水碳酸钠的制备及热性能

在光伏（PV）冷却系统中，使用相变材料（PCM）来控制温度至关重要，特别是对于低成本高潜热材料。十水碳酸钠（SCD）可能是合适的候选材料，但其性能需要改变。在本研究中，利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热盘来表征改性材料的性能。据观察，黄原胶 (GX) 可以有效防止相分离。十水焦磷酸钠（TPD）、无水碳酸钠（ASC）和六水氯化锶（SCH）被用作有效的成核剂，但是，添加这些试剂后，体系的潜热显着降低，例如，在SCD、GX、TPD（SGT）体系，过冷度可维持在5.2，相变温度为33.3，相变潜热为193.3 J/g。此外，研究表明高吸水性树脂20目（SAP-20）具有多孔的三维网络结构。其非离子亲水基团与水分子形成稳定的分子间氢键，有效防止水合盐中结晶水的损失。当添加质量分数(mt)为5%的SAP-20时，可以防止SGT泄漏，并使相变温度和熔化潜热分别提高20.42%和19.61%。这些发现表明，5% mt SAP-20/SGT 复合材料是光伏冷却系统的绝佳候选材料。