工程地质聚合物复合材料 (EGC) 是一种新型材料,可以替代其水泥基替代品工程水泥基复合材料 (ECC)。波特兰水泥是波特兰水泥混凝土 (PCC) 中的粘合剂,广泛用于混凝土结构,因其对环境的负面影响而受到指责。土木工程中的工程地聚合物复合材料 (EGC) 是最有前途的替代品之一,因为它与 ECC 共享特殊的材料特性,同时旨在成为更可持续的选择。此外,为了最大限度地减少水泥生产对环境的影响和大量能源消耗以及碳足迹,提出了基于纳米材料的 EGC 选项。该研究领域的成果继续生产更多改性、坚固、可弯曲、耐用和可持续的复合材料。开发和改性 EGC 非凡特性的一种选择是添加其他潜在的选择性材料,例如纳米颗粒 (NP)。结果表明,研究该主题的学者之间关于地质聚合物复合材料中纳米颗粒添加的影响和最佳添加量存在很大争议。除了 NP 之外,其他因素,如前驱体材料的类型和纳米颗粒的有效分散性,也会影响复合材料的性能,如可加工性和流动性。当 NP 添加到 EGC 和 GC 中时,观察到性能有了显著提高。然而,需要进一步的研究来确定纳米材料的理想剂量,以揭示可信的结果。一般来说,与地质聚合物混凝土和传统的波特兰水泥混凝土相比,纳米技术在工程地质聚合物复合材料中的应用和发展至今仍然非常有限。 因此,本文概述了先前的研究,重点是在各种 EGC 和 GC 复合材料中添加不同类型的纳米颗粒,如纳米 ZnO、纳米 SiO2、纳米 TiO2、纳米 Al2O3、纳米炭黑和一些其他类型的 NPs。除了碳排放分析和成本比较外,审查还包括对复合材料在各种暴露下的流动性、机械性能以及耐久性的评估。本综述的目的是全面概述目前对纳米材料在地质聚合物复合材料中的应用的理解。它还旨在确定可接受的掺杂速率和控制纳米颗粒在这些复合材料中的分散的方法。此外,该评论还探讨了这些复合材料如何响应施加的载荷和不同的环境暴露条件。本文的研究结果可为未来地质聚合物复合材料的研究提供有价值的参考。
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Influence of novel hybrid nanoparticles as a function of admixture on responses of engineered geopolymer composites: A review
Engineered Geopolymer Composites (EGC) are novel materials and a possible replacement to their cement-based alternatives, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). Portland cement, the binder in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) which is widely used in concrete structures, is blamed for its negative environmental impact. Engineered Geopolymer Composites (EGC) in civil engineering are one of the most promising alternatives due to sharing peculiar material properties with ECC while aiming for being a more sustainable option. Furthermore, to minimize the environmental impact and massive energy consumption, and carbon footprint of cement production, the option of nanomaterial-based EGC was proposed. The outcome of this research area continued to produce more altered, strong, bendable, durable, and sustainable composites. One option to develop and modify EGCs' extraordinary properties is to add other potential selective materials such as nanoparticles (NPs). The results show that there has been substantial dispute among scholars working on this topic concerning the influence and the optimum amount of nanoparticles addition into the geopolymer composites. In addition to the NPs, other factors such as the type of precursor materials, and efficient dispersity of the nanoparticles also affect the composite's properties such as workability and fluidity. Substantial performance improvements have been observed when NPs added to both EGC and GC. However further research is needed to determine the ideal dosage of nanomaterials to reveal credible results. In general, applications and development of nanotechnology in engineered geopolymer composite remain very limited till these days in comparison with those of geopolymer concrete and traditional Portland cement concrete. Thus, this article presents an overview of the prior studies focused on adding different types of nanoparticles such as nano-ZnO, nano-SiO2, nano-TiO2, nano-Al2O3, nano-carbon black, and some other types of NPs in various EGC and GC composite. In addition to the analysis of carbon emission and cost comparison, the review includes an assessment of flowability, mechanical properties, as well as durability of composite materials under various exposures. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the use of nano-materials in geopolymer composites. It also aims to determine the acceptable doping rate and methods for controlling the dispersion of nanoparticles in these composites. Additionally, the review explores how these composites respond to applied loads and different environmental exposure conditions. The findings of this review can serve as a valuable reference for future research on the topic of geopolymer composites.