<br>在语义分类任务中人类皮层中听觉新奇性的处理,Hearing Research

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在语义分类任务中人类皮层中听觉新奇性的处理
Hearing Research ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108972
Kirill V Nourski ₁ , Mitchell Steinschneider ₂ , Ariane E Rhone ₃ , Emily R Dappen ₁ , Hiroto Kawasaki ₃ , Matthew A Howard ₄

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听觉语义新颖性——在可预测的声学环境背景下一种新的有意义的声音——可以探测语言处理中涉及的神经回路。异常的新奇检测是许多神经精神疾病的一个特征。这项大规模的人类颅内电生理学研究检查了在执行语义分类任务期间与对意外词的反应相关的 γ 和 α 功率以及听觉诱发电位（AEP）的空间分布。参与者是接受医学难治性癫痫监测的神经外科患者。每项任务包括来自不同说话者的重复出现的单音节单词（“常见”）和只出现一次的十个单词（“小说”）。目标是属于特定语义类别的单词。新奇效应被定义为神经反应对新词和普通词的差异。新颖性增加了任务难度，并且与增强的伽马、抑制的 alpha 力量和 AEP 差异广泛分布在皮层中有关。γ 新奇效应在颞平、颞后上回（STG）和额下回三角部的患病率最高;前外侧 Heschl 回（HG）、前突击球突击球和中前扣带回皮层中的 α;AEP 位于后内侧 HG、颞上沟下岸和极平面。γ 新奇效应在背侧的患病率高于腹侧听觉相关区域的患病率。新奇效应在左半球更为明显。更好的新目标检测与听觉皮层内的 γ 新奇效应降低和前额叶和感觉运动皮层内的 γ 效应增强相关。 Alpha 和 AEP 新颖性效应通常在表现较好的参与者中更为普遍。多个区域，包括上颞平面的听觉皮层，在 P3a 和 N400 头皮记录的新奇相关电位的时间范围内具有 AEP 新颖效应。这项工作在一个范式中详细描述了听觉新颖性，该范式直接检查了与语义处理相关的大脑区域。未来的研究可能有助于制定客观的措施来评估临床人群中语义新颖性加工的完整性。

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Processing of auditory novelty in human cortex during a semantic categorization task

Auditory semantic novelty – a new meaningful sound in the context of a predictable acoustical environment – can probe neural circuits involved in language processing. Aberrant novelty detection is a feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders. This large-scale human intracranial electrophysiology study examined the spatial distribution of gamma and alpha power and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) associated with responses to unexpected words during performance of semantic categorization tasks. Participants were neurosurgical patients undergoing monitoring for medically intractable epilepsy. Each task included repeatedly presented monosyllabic words from different talkers (“common”) and ten words presented only once (“novel”). Targets were words belonging to a specific semantic category. Novelty effects were defined as differences between neural responses to novel and common words. Novelty increased task difficulty and was associated with augmented gamma, suppressed alpha power, and AEP differences broadly distributed across the cortex. Gamma novelty effect had the highest prevalence in planum temporale, posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus; alpha in anterolateral Heschl's gyrus (HG), anterior STG and middle anterior cingulate cortex; AEP in posteromedial HG, lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus, and planum polare. Gamma novelty effect had a higher prevalence in dorsal than ventral auditory-related areas. Novelty effects were more pronounced in the left hemisphere. Better novel target detection was associated with reduced gamma novelty effect within auditory cortex and enhanced gamma effect within prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Alpha and AEP novelty effects were generally more prevalent in better performing participants. Multiple areas, including auditory cortex on the superior temporal plane, featured AEP novelty effect within the time frame of P3a and N400 scalp-recorded novelty-related potentials. This work provides a detailed account of auditory novelty in a paradigm that directly examined brain regions associated with semantic processing. Future studies may aid in the development of objective measures to assess the integrity of semantic novelty processing in clinical populations.

更新日期：2024-02-11

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