Agricultural intensification and the drastic loss of grassland habitats have led to a general decline of grassland specialist species in Europe. Current greening measures in grasslands management have proven insufficient to halt this decline. Conservation measures need to be strengthened by taking into account the composition and configuration of the landscape at different scales as well as practices within both grasslands and surrounding crops. This study used a survey of grassland bird specialists conducted at a national scale in France to look at the relative influence of local and landscape characteristics on the grassland specialist community in order to propose relevant management measures. The findings showed that grassland specialists species richness was highest when the proportion of grassland in the landscape was high. As grasslands in France tend to be embedded in an intensive agricultural matrix and gradually converted into cultivated land, this result emphasizes the importance of preserving remaining areas with a high proportion of grasslands. The results also showed that landscape configuration (in particular fragmentation) modulated the influence of the proportion of grassland on the distribution of birds. For a given habitat type, the sign and magnitude of the influence of edge length depended on grassland proportion in the landscape as well as spatial scale. These results suggest that protecting large grassland areas should be a priority, and in landscape dedicated to crop production, increasing the heterogeneity of grasslands and the diversity of their edges to other open vegetation habitats managed with extensive practices can be an effective way to increase grassland bird diversity. In areas with a very high proportion of grassland in the landscape, hedges at landscape scale can have a positive effect on grassland specialists by increasing resources and biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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草原鸟类对当地特征的反应很大程度上取决于景观环境

农业集约化和草原栖息地的急剧丧失导致欧洲草原特有物种普遍减少。事实证明，目前的草原管理绿化措施不足以阻止这种下降。需要通过考虑不同尺度景观的组成和配置以及草原和周围作物的实践来加强保护措施。本研究通过对法国全国范围内的草原鸟类专家进行调查，探讨当地和景观特征对草原专家群落的相对影响，以提出相关的管理措施。研究结果表明，当景观中草地比例较高时，草地专家物种丰富度最高。由于法国的草原往往嵌入集约化农业矩阵中并逐渐转变为耕地，这一结果强调了保护剩余草原比例较高的地区的重要性。结果还表明，景观配置（特别是破碎化）调节了草地比例对鸟类分布的影响。对于给定的栖息地类型，边长影响的符号和大小取决于景观中草地的比例以及空间尺度。这些结果表明，保护大面积草原应成为优先事项，在专门用于农作物生产的景观中，增加草原的异质性及其边缘与其他开放植被栖息地的多样性，通过广泛的实践管理可以是增加草原鸟类的有效方法多样性。在景观中草地比例非常高的地区，景观规模的树篱可以通过增加资源和生物多样性对草地专家产生积极影响。