The management of mixed traffic systems is critical to realize the benefits of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Generally, the benefits of CAVs can be categorized into the one-dimensional benefits of improving car-following performance and the two-dimensional benefits of efficiently addressing right-of-way conflicts. Researchers have proposed dedicated lanes that can exploit the one-dimensional benefits of CAVs, but the two-dimensional benefits remain unexplored in mixed traffic environments. To fully release the benefits of CAVs, we introduce an innovative approach for managing mixed traffic in road networks, known as the dedicated intersection strategy. Specifically, the dedicated intersection strategy refers to constructing two-dimensional CAV-dedicated right-of-way within the road network, achieving separation between CAVs and human driven vehicles (HDVs) at the intersection level. However, the deployment problem of dedicated intersections is an -hard problem. Therefore, we propose a bi-level solving framework, in which the upper level determines the dedicated intersection deployment scheme and the lower level solves the corresponding traffic assignment problem. To quickly find adequate deployment schemes, we propose an artificial bee colony based intelligent algorithm. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can quickly find near-optimal dedicated intersection deployment schemes within a small number of iterations. Compared to regular intersections, the deployment of dedicated intersections in the road network can improve overall traffic system efficiency, particularly for CAVs. Finally, microscopic traffic simulation experiments further verify the superior performance of the proposed dedicated intersection strategy.

中文翻译：

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通过混合交通中的专用交叉路口释放联网和自动驾驶车辆的二维优势

混合交通系统的管理对于实现互联自动驾驶车辆 (CAV) 的优势至关重要。一般来说，CAV 的好处可以分为提高跟车性能的一维好处和有效解决路权冲突的二维好处。研究人员提出了可以利用 CAV 的一维优势的专用车道，但在混合交通环境中，二维优势仍未得到探索。为了充分发挥 CAV 的优势，我们引入了一种管理道路网络中混合交通的创新方法，称为专用交叉口策略。具体来说，专用交叉口策略是指在路网内构建二维CAV专用路权，在交叉口层面实现CAV与人类驾驶车辆（HDV）的分离。然而，专用交叉口的部署问题是一个难题。因此，我们提出了双层解决框架，其中上层确定专用交叉口部署方案，下层解决相应的交通分配问题。为了快速找到合适的部署方案，我们提出了一种基于人工蜂群的智能算法。我们的数值实验表明，所提出的算法可以在少量迭代内快速找到接近最优的专用路口部署方案。与常规交叉口相比，在路网中部署专用交叉口可以提高整体交通系统效率，特别是对于 CAV 而言。最后，微观交通仿真实验进一步验证了所提出的专用交叉口策略的优越性能。