Bikesharing has gained global popularity as a sustainable and healthy mobility option in recent years. However, concerns have been raised about the unequal distribution of bikesharing benefits among different geographic areas and social groups. This study aims to assess bikesharing equity at the census block group (CBG) level in 73 U.S. cities as of July 2022, utilizing a non-parametric generalized additive mixed model (GAMM). Our findings indicate that bikesharing equity varies depending on the indicators used to identify disadvantaged communities. We find that bikesharing is equitable for zero-vehicle communities, as they experience higher levels of accessibility. However, for communities characterized by high levels of deprivation and a significant concentration of minorities, females, youth, and senior populations, bikesharing is inequitable, as these disadvantaged communities have limited access to bikesharing stations compared to their more privileged counterparts. These results emphasize the need for future bikesharing equity programs to prioritize expanding service into underserved disadvantaged communities through installing new stations or transitioning into hybrid systems. In addition, this study suggests using Area Deprivation Index scores over 80 and minority population shares exceeding 70% as thresholds to identify disadvantaged communities, which accounted for 13.5% of the CBGs included in our analysis. Furthermore, gender inequality should be considered in transportation planning efforts.

中文翻译：

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自行车共享和公平：美国自行车共享可达性的全国性研究

近年来，共享单车作为一种可持续、健康的出行选择在全球范围内广受欢迎。然而，人们对不同地理区域和社会群体之间共享单车利益分配不均的问题提出了担忧。本研究旨在利用非参数广义加性混合模型 (GAMM) 评估截至 2022 年 7 月美国 73 个城市人口普查区块组 (CBG) 层面的自行车共享公平性。我们的研究结果表明，共享单车的公平性取决于用于识别弱势社区的指标。我们发现共享单车对于零车辆社区来说是公平的，因为他们的可达性更高。然而，对于贫困程度较高且少数族裔、女性、青年和老年人口集中的社区来说，共享自行车是不公平的，因为与较富裕的社区相比，这些弱势社区使用自行车共享站的机会有限。这些结果强调，未来的自行车共享公平计划需要通过安装新站点或过渡到混合系统，优先将服务扩展到服务不足的弱势社区。此外，本研究建议使用地区剥夺指数得分超过 80 且少数族裔人口比例超过 70% 作为识别弱势社区的阈值，这些社区占我们分析中纳入的 CBG 的 13.5%。此外，交通规划工作中应考虑性别不平等。