Characterising differences between self-reported and wastewater-identified drug use at two consecutive years of an Australian music festival,Science of the Total Environment

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Characterising differences between self-reported and wastewater-identified drug use at two consecutive years of an Australian music festival
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170934
Cheneal Puljević ₁ , Benjamin Tscharke ₂ , Ellen Leslie Wessel ₁ , Cameron Francis ₃ , Rory Verhagen ₂ , Jake W O'Brien ₂ , Richard Bade ₂ , Dhayaalini Nadarajan ₂ , Fiona Measham ₄ , M J Stowe ₅ , Timothy Piatkowski ₆ , Jason Ferris ₇ , Robert Page ₈ , Sarah Hiley ₃ , Christopher Eassey ₉ , Ginny McKinnon ₃ , Genevieve Sinclair ₃ , Emily Blatchford ₃ , Liam Engel ₃ , Alice Norvill ₃ , Monica J Barratt ₁₀

Affiliation

The Loop Australia, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Loop Drug Checking Service, United Kingdom.
The Loop Australia, Australia; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Alcohol & Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The Loop Australia, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Social Equity Research Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

In the context of drug prohibition, potential adulteration and variable purity pose additional health risks for people who use drugs, with these risks often compounded by the outdoor music festival environment. Ahead of the imminent implementation of drug checking services in Queensland, Australia, this study aims to characterise this problem using triangulated survey and wastewater data to understand self-reported and detected drug use among attendees of a multi-day Queensland-based music festival in 2021 and 2022. We administered an in-situ survey focusing on drug use at the festival to two convenience samples of 136 and 140 festival attendees in 2021 and 2022 respectively. We compared survey findings to wastewater collected concurrently from the festival's site-specific wastewater treatment plant, which was analysed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Most survey respondents (82 % in 2021, 92 % in 2022) reported using or intending to use an illicit drug at the festival. Some respondents reported potentially risky drug use practices such as using drugs found on the ground (2 % in 2021, 4 % in 2022). Substances detected in wastewater but not surveys include MDEA, mephedrone, methylone, 3-MMC, alpha-D2PV, etizolam, eutylone, and ,-dimethylpentylone. Many substances detected in wastewater but not self-reported in surveys likely represent substitutions or adulterants. These findings highlight the benefits of drug checking services to prevent harms from adulterants and provide education on safer drug use practices. These findings also provide useful information on socio-demographic characteristics and drug use patterns of potential users of Queensland's future drug checking service.

中文翻译：

描述连续两年澳大利亚音乐节上自我报告的药物使用情况和废水确定的药物使用情况之间的差异

在禁毒的背景下，潜在的掺假和纯度的变化给吸毒者带来了额外的健康风险，而户外音乐节环境往往会加剧这些风险。在澳大利亚昆士兰州即将实施药物检查服务之前，本研究旨在利用三角调查和废水数据来描述这一问题，以了解 2021 年昆士兰州多日音乐节参与者自我报告和检测到的药物使用情况2021 年和 2022 年。我们对 2021 年和 2022 年分别有 136 名和 140 名节日参与者进行了两个方便样本的现场调查，重点关注节日期间的药物使用情况。我们将调查结果与从节日特定地点废水处理厂同时收集的废水进行了比较，并使用液相色谱串联质谱法进行了分析。大多数受访者（2021 年为 82%，2022 年为 92%）表示在节日期间使用或打算使用非法药物。一些受访者报告了潜在危险的吸毒行为，例如使用在地面发现的毒品（2021 年为 2%，2022 年为 4%）。在废水中检测到但未进行调查的物质包括 MDEA、甲氧麻黄酮、甲基酮、3-MMC、α-D2PV、依替唑仑、尤丁酮和 ,-二甲基戊酮。在废水中检测到但调查中未自我报告的许多物质可能代表替代品或掺假物。这些发现强调了药物检查服务的好处，可以防止掺杂剂造成的伤害，并提供有关更安全的药物使用实践的教育。这些调查结果还提供了有关昆士兰州未来药物检查服务潜在用户的社会人口特征和药物使用模式的有用信息。

更新日期：2024-02-14

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