Inflammopharmacology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01430-1 Sarah Rehman 1 , Saiqa Ishtiaq 1 , Muhammad Khalil-Ur-Rehman 1 , Sairah Hafeez Kamran 2
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Atriplex crassifolia (A. crassifolia) is a locally occurring member of Chenopodiaceae family that has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of joint pain and inflammation. The present study was focused to determine the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. n-hexane (ACNH) and methanol (ACM) extracts of A. crassifolia were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory potential using protein denaturation inhibition assay. In vivo anti-inflammatory potential was determined by oral administration of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of extracts against carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models. Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, NF-kB, IL-4, and IL-6 were estimated in blood samples of animals subjected to formalin model of inflammation. Analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick assay model. Phytochemical profiling was done by GC–mass spectrophotometer. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that both ACNH and ACM displayed eminent inhibition of protein denaturation in concentration-dependent manner. In acute in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema model, both extracts reduced inflammation at 5th and 6th hour of study (p < 0.05). A. crassifolia extracts exhibited significant inhibition against formalin-induced inflammation with maximum effect at 1000 mg/kg. ACNH and ACM significantly augmented the inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05). Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-kB were reduced, while those of IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. ACNH displayed maximum analgesic effect at 1000 mg/kg, while ACM showed potent activity at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The extracts restored the CBC, TLC and CRP toward normal. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds like n-hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, (9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, 1-hexacosene, vitamin E, campesterol, stigmasterol, gamma sitosterol in both extracts. These compounds have been reported to suppress inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. The current study concludes that A. crassifolia possesses significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential owing to the presence of phytochemicals.
Graphical Abstract
中文翻译：
通过调节炎症生物标志物和基于 GC-MS 的代谢物分析，Atriplex crassifolia (CAMey) 对疼痛和炎症的改善作用
滨藜 (A. crassifolia)是当地生长的藜科植物，在民间医学中用于治疗关节疼痛和炎症。本研究的重点是确定该植物的镇痛和抗炎潜力。使用蛋白质变性抑制测定评估了A. crassifolia的正己烷 (ACNH) 和甲醇 (ACM) 提取物的体外抗炎潜力。通过口服 250、500 和 1000 mg/kg/天的提取物对抗角叉菜胶和福尔马林诱导的足水肿模型来确定体内抗炎潜力。在接受福尔马林炎症模型的动物的血液样本中评估了炎症介质，例如 TNF-α、IL-10、IL-1β、NF-kB、IL-4 和 IL-6。使用乙酸诱导的扭体和甩尾测定模型测定镇痛活性。通过GC-质谱分光光度计进行植物化学分析。体外抗炎活性结果表明，ACNH和ACM均以浓度依赖性方式表现出对蛋白质变性的显着抑制作用。在急性体内角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿模型中，两种提取物在研究的第 5 小时和第 6 小时均减轻了炎症（ p < 0.05）。 A. crassifolia提取物对福尔马林诱导的炎症具有显着的抑制作用，在 1000 mg/kg 时效果最大。 ACNH 和 ACM 显着增强了炎症介质 ( p < 0.05)。 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β和NF-kB水平降低，而IL-4和IL-10水平上调。 ACNH 在 1000 mg/kg 时显示出最大镇痛效果，而 ACM 在 500 和 1000 mg/kg 时显示出有效活性。提取物使 CBC、TLC 和 CRP 恢复正常。 GC-MS 分析显示存在正十六烷酸、植醇、(9E,11E)-十八碳二烯酸、2-羟基-1-(羟甲基)乙酯、1-六碳烯、维生素 E、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、γ 等化合物。两种提取物中都含有谷甾醇。据报道，这些化合物通过抑制炎性细胞因子来抑制炎症。目前的研究得出结论，由于植物化学物质的存在， A. crassifolia具有显着的抗伤害和抗炎潜力。
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