This study aims to investigate people’s behavior toward mobility system by identifying the factors contributing to car dependence in the city. Understanding whether people can change their behavior and shift toward sustainable modes is essential for shaping effective transportation policies. The research methodology comprised theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part was built on the concept of car dependency within the context of Middle East cities. The empirical part was based on field observations, where data on the mobility system were collected according to the survey protocol and analyzed using SPSS software. The questionnaire covered a wide range of people with different social and economic statuses. It was conducted on 385 households with 600 participants residing in Erbil City/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The survey employed a probability sample based on a random walk survey conducted through face-to-face interviews. Final results show a statistically significant relationship between behavior change and the proposed independent variables. Empirical findings suggest that forced dependency is the pattern of the mobility system in Erbil city, and a wide range of participants was unwilling to change their behavior and shift to sustainable modes, where only 41.3% of the sample were ready to use alternative modes, such as the bus system, walking, and shared taxis, and 87.18% of all passenger journeys were made by private cars. The study concludes that the urban transportation policy of the city needs to be revised and replaced with sustainable transportation planning to fulfill the community's needs and aspirations.

本研究旨在通过确定导致城市汽车依赖的因素来调查人们对出行系统的行为。了解人们是否可以改变自己的行为并转向可持续的模式对于制定有效的交通政策至关重要。研究方法包括理论和实验部分。理论部分建立在中东城市背景下的汽车依赖概念之上。实证部分基于现场观察，根据调查协议收集移动系统的数据并使用 SPSS 软件进行分析。调查问卷覆盖了不同社会和经济地位的广泛人群。该调查针对居住在伊拉克埃尔比勒市/库尔德斯坦地区的 385 个家庭、600 名参与者进行。该调查采用了基于通过面对面访谈进行的随机行走调查的概率样本。最终结果显示行为变化与所提出的自变量之间存在统计上显着的关系。实证结果表明，强迫依赖是埃尔比勒市出行系统的模式，大量参与者不愿意改变自己的行为并转向可持续模式，其中只有41.3%的样本准备使用替代模式，例如公交、步行、共享出租车等，私家车出行占所有旅客出行的87.18%。研究的结论是，该市的城市交通政策需要修订并以可持续交通规划取代，以满足社区的需求和愿望。