Two critical policy questions will determine the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on the knowledge economy and the creative sector. The first concerns how we think about the training of such models—in particular, whether the creators or owners of the data that are “scraped” (lawfully or unlawfully, with or without permission) should be compensated for that use. The second question revolves around the ownership of the output generated by AI, which is continually improving in quality and scale. These topics fall in the realm of intellectual property, a legal framework designed to incentivize and reward only human creativity and innovation. For some years, however, Britain has maintained a distinct category for “computer-generated” outputs; on the input issue, the EU and Singapore have recently introduced exceptions allowing for text and data mining or computational data analysis of existing works. This article explores the broader implications of these policy choices, weighing the advantages of reducing the cost of content creation and the value of expertise against the potential risk to various careers and sectors of the economy, which might be rendered unsustainable. Lessons may be found in the music industry, which also went through a period of unrestrained piracy in the early digital era, epitomized by the rise and fall of the file-sharing service Napster. Similar litigation and legislation may help navigate the present uncertainty, along with an emerging market for “legitimate” models that respect the copyright of humans and are clear about the provenance of their own creations.

中文翻译：

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好的模型借用，伟大的模型窃取：知识产权和生成人工智能

两个关键的政策问题将决定生成人工智能（AI）对知识经济和创意部门的影响。第一个问题涉及我们如何看待此类模型的训练，特别是“抓取”（合法或非法，经过或未经许可）的数据的创建者或所有者是否应该因这种使用而获得补偿。第二个问题围绕着人工智能产出的所有权，人工智能产出的质量和规模都在不断提高。这些主题属于知识产权领域，这是一个旨在激励和奖励人类创造力和创新的法律框架。然而，多年来，英国一直对“计算机生成”的输出保持一个独特的类别。在输入问题上，欧盟和新加坡最近引入了例外，允许对现有作品进行文本和数据挖掘或计算数据分析。本文探讨了这些政策选择的更广泛影响，权衡了降低内容创作成本的优势和专业知识的价值，以及对各种职业和经济部门的潜在风险（这些风险可能会变得不可持续）。音乐行业或许可以从中汲取教训，在数字时代早期，音乐行业也经历过盗版肆虐的时期，文件共享服务 Napster 的兴衰就是一个缩影。类似的诉讼和立法可能有助于应对当前的不确定性，以及尊重人类版权并清楚自己创作来源的“合法”模型的新兴市场。