Charge transfer and mass transport to catalytic sites are critical factors in photocatalysis. However, achieving both simultaneously is challenging due to inherent trade-offs and interdependencies. Here we develop a microporous covalent organic framework featuring dense donor–acceptor lattices with engineered linkages. The donor–acceptor columnar π-arrays function as charge supply chains and as abundant water oxidation and oxygen reduction centres, while the one-dimensional microporous channels lined with rationally integrated oxygen atoms function as aligned conduits for instant water and oxygen delivery to the catalytic sites. This porous catalyst promotes photosynthesis with water and air to produce H₂O₂, combining a high production rate, efficiency and turnover frequency. This framework operates under visible light without the need of metal co-catalysts and sacrificial reagents, exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency of 17.5% at 420 nm in batch reactors and enables continuous, stable and clean H₂O₂ production in flow reactors.

到催化位点的电荷转移和质量传输是光催化的关键因素。然而，由于固有的权衡和相互依赖性，同时实现这两者具有挑战性。在这里，我们开发了一种微孔共价有机框架，其特征是具有工程化连接的致密供体-受体晶格。供体-受体柱状π阵列充当电荷供应链和丰富的水氧化和氧还原中心，而排列有合理集成的氧原子的一维微孔通道充当对齐的导管，将水和氧即时输送到催化位点。这种多孔催化剂促进与水和空气的光合作用产生H ₂ O ₂，​​具有高生产率、高效率和周转频率。该框架在可见光下运行，无需金属助催化剂和牺牲试剂，在间歇式反应器中在420 nm处表现出17.5%的表观量子效率，并能够在流动反应器中连续、稳定和清洁地生产H ₂ O ₂。