Using a voluntary object-naming paradigm, we examined if bilinguals with high or low L2 proficiency monitor their language selection and production according to their interlocutors' L2 language proficiency. Telugu (L1)–English (L2) bilinguals were introduced to audio-visual stimuli that consisted of animated interlocutors that were high or low proficient in English. In Experiment 1, interlocutors were presented at different frequencies in each block, and in Experiment 2, the presentation of each interlocutor was blocked. We predicted that the frequency of interlocutors would modulate language activation and selection. The participants named the objects language that came to their minds to respond to interlocutors. Indeed, consistent with our predictions, monitoring contexts induced by such interlocutors influenced latencies, language choice and switch-cost. High-L2 proficient participants employed higher language control than low-L2 proficient participants. These results support the hypothesis that bilinguals are sensitive toward their interlocutors' language proficiency and employ context-appropriate cognitive control.

中文翻译：

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由对话者的熟练程度引起的语言环境调节双语语言监控

使用自愿对象命名范式，我们检查了第二语言熟练程度高或低的双语者是否根据对话者的第二语言熟练程度来监控他们的语言选择和生产。泰卢固语（L1）-英语（L2）双语者被引入由英语熟练程度高低的动画对话者组成的视听刺激。在实验1中，对话者在每个块中以不同的频率呈现，而在实验2中，每个对话者的呈现都被阻止。我们预测对话者的频率会调节语言的激活和选择。参与者为他们想到的对象语言命名，以回应对话者。事实上，与我们的预测一致，监控此类对话者引发的上下文会影响延迟、语言选择和转换成本。高第二语言熟练程度的参与者比低第二语言熟练程度的参与者具有更高的语言控制能力。这些结果支持这样的假设：双语者对对话者的语言能力很敏感，并采用适合情境的认知控制。