Abstract

Otolith abnormalities and bilateral asymmetry are analyzed in five reproductively isolated forms and natural F1 hybrids between the forms in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus complex from lakes Lama and Kapchuk (Norilo-Pyasinskaya water system, Taimyr). Otolith abnormalities are associated with the partial replacement of aragonite (the usual otolithic polymorph of CaCO₃) by vaterite (another less stable crystalline modification of CaCO₃) and their unusual shape. The abnormalities are observed in 11.9% of the specimens and may be induced by technogenic pollution from Nornickel, the world’s largest manufacturer of palladium, nickel, and platinum. The assessment of bilateral asymmetry based on otolith measurements and shape indices does not indicate notable differences in this parameter between the charr forms. However, the shapes of the left and right otoliths described by wavelet analysis are significantly different in two groups: a form of Lake Kapchuk designated as the main form and F1 hybrids. The differentiation of the forms is evaluated using wavelet and linear discriminant analyses of otolith shape. The difference in the topologies of two dendrograms constructed based on the shapes of the left and right otoliths obtained from the same specimens can be explained by the occurrence of bilateral asymmetry.

中文翻译：

---

泰梅尔湖拉马湖和卡普丘克湖北极红鲑鱼复合体（鲑鱼科）耳石的异常和双边不对称性

摘要

对拉马湖和卡普丘克湖（泰米尔诺里洛-皮亚辛斯卡亚水系）的北极红点鲑复合体中的五种生殖隔离形式和天然 F1 杂交体的耳石异常和双边不对称进行了分析。耳石异常与霰石（CaCO _{3的常见耳石多晶型）被球霰石（CaCO 3}的另一种不太稳定的结晶变体）部分取代及其不寻常的形状有关。在 11.9% 的样本中观察到异常现象，可能是由全球最大的钯、镍和铂生产商 Nornickel 的技术污染引起的。基于耳石测量和形状指数的双侧不对称性评估并未表明夏尔形态之间该参数存在显着差异。然而，通过小波分析描述的左右耳石的形状在两组中显着不同：被指定为主要形式的Lake Kapchuk形式和F1杂种。使用耳石形状的小波和线性判别分析来评估形状的差异。根据从同一标本获得的左右耳石的形状构建的两个树状图的拓扑差异可以通过双边不对称的发生来解释。