Political discontent, frequently mirrored in voting patterns, extends beyond ballot votes. By focusing on Valparaiso, Chile, we introduce a more comprehensive measure, external political efficacy (EPE), capturing a sense of abandonment and gauging public sentiment towards the political system’s responsiveness to their needs. Our analysis addresses individual and area-level factors underpinning individual variations in EPE. The evidence suggests that long-term territorial socio-economic disadvantage, rather than low-paid employment, is significantly related to individual discontent, highlighting lowered beliefs in system responsiveness.

中文翻译：

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不满的地理学：衡量和理解智利瓦尔帕莱索地区的被遗弃感（2019-2021 年）


政治不满经常反映在投票模式中，不仅限于投票。通过关注智利瓦尔帕莱索，我们引入了一种更全面的衡量标准，即外部政治效能 （EPE），捕捉一种被遗弃的感觉，并衡量公众对政治制度对他们需求的响应程度的情绪。我们的分析解决了支撑 EPE 个体差异的个体和区域水平因素。证据表明，长期的领土社会经济劣势，而不是低薪就业，与个人不满显著相关，凸显了对系统响应性的信念降低。