The reactions that science triggers on the people it studies, describes, or theorises about, can affect the science itself and its claims to knowledge. This phenomenon, which we call reactivity, has been discussed in many different areas of the social sciences and the philosophy of science, falling under different rubrics such as the Hawthorne effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, the looping effects of human kinds, the performativity of models, observer effects, experimenter effects and experimenter demand effects. In this paper we review state-of-the-art research that falls under the remit of the philosophy of reactivity by considering ontological, epistemic and moral issues that reactivity raises. Along the way, we devote special attention to articles belonging to this journal's Topical Collection entitled “Reactivity in the Human Sciences”.

科学对它所研究、描述或理论的人们引发的反应可能会影响科学本身及其对知识的主张。这种现象，我们称之为反应性，已经在社会科学和科学哲学的许多不同领域进行了讨论，属于不同的范畴，如霍桑效应、自我实现的预言、人类的循环效应、人类的表演性等。模型、观察者效应、实验者效应和实验者需求效应。在本文中，我们通过考虑反应性引发的本体论、认识论和道德问题，回顾了反应性哲学范围内的最新研究。在此过程中，我们特别关注属于该期刊题为“人类科学中的反应性”的主题集的文章。