Polyphenol hydrogels have garnered widespread attention due to their excellent adhesion, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Gallic acid (GA) is a typical derivative of pyrogallol that is used as a hydrogel crosslinker or bioactive additive and can be used to make multifunctional hydrogels with properties superior to those of widely studied catechol hydrogels. Furthermore, compared to polymeric tannic acid, gallic acid is more suitable for chemical modification, thus broadening its range of applications. This review focuses on multifunctional hydrogels containing GA, aiming to inspire researchers in future biomaterial design. We first revealed the interaction mechanisms between GA molecules and between GA and polymers, analyzed the characteristics GA imparts to hydrogels and compared GA hydrogels with hydrogels containing catechol. Subsequently, in this paper, various methods of integrating GA into hydrogels and the applications of GA in biomedicine are discussed, finally assessing the current limitations and future development potential of GA. In summary, GA, a natural small molecule polyphenol with excellent functionality and diverse interaction modes, has great potential in the field of biomedical hydrogels.

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没食子酸：含连苯三酚的水凝胶的设计及其生物医学应用

多酚水凝胶因其优异的附着力、抗氧化、抗菌性能而受到广泛关注。没食子酸（GA）是邻苯三酚的典型衍生物，用作水凝胶交联剂或生物活性添加剂，可用于制备多功能水凝胶，其性能优于广泛研究的儿茶酚水凝胶。此外，与聚合单宁酸相比，没食子酸更适合化学改性，从而拓宽了其应用范围。本综述重点关注含有 GA 的多功能水凝胶，旨在为未来生物材料设计的研究人员提供启发。我们首先揭示了GA分子之间以及GA与聚合物之间的相互作用机制，分析了GA赋予水凝胶的特性，并将GA水凝胶与含有儿茶酚的水凝胶进行了比较。随后，本文讨论了将遗传算法整合到水凝胶中的各种方法以及遗传算法在生物医学中的应用，最后评估了遗传算法目前的局限性和未来的发展潜力。综上所述，GA作为一种天然小分子多酚，具有优异的功能性和多样的相互作用模式，在生物医用水凝胶领域具有巨大的潜力。