Aims The aim of this study is to assess baseline characteristics of drusen preceding the development of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods In this retrospective case-control study, longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume data from eyes with intermediate AMD in a retina clinic population were screened. All drusen that developed overlying IHRF were marked. A random number generator was used to select for further grading three drusen that did not develop IHRF. Results Ninety eyes (from 72 patients), including 140 drusen with overlying IHRF and 270 IHRF− drusen, were analysed. Greater drusen height, basal drusen width and overlying ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane disruption were associated with a significantly greater risk for IHRF development (p≤0.001). Regression analysis revealed EZ disruption increased these odds by 4.1 (p≤0.001). Each 10-µm increase in drusen height and width increased the odds by 34% (p≤0.001) and 3% (p: 0.005), respectively. Each 100-µm increase in distance from the fovea decreased the odds by 10% (p: 0.013). Conclusions The presence of overlying EZ disruption and a greater drusen height substantially increased the risk for IHRF development, whereas drusen further from the fovea indicated reduced risk. Given the importance of IHRF as a biomarker for AMD progression, these findings may be of value in defining patient populations for future early intervention trials. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

中文翻译：

---

中度年龄相关性黄斑变性眼中玻璃膜疣上形成高反射灶的危险因素


目的 本研究的目的是评估患有中型年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD) 的眼睛在视网膜内高反射灶 (IHRF) 发展之前玻璃膜疣的基线特征。方法 在这项回顾性病例对照研究中，筛选了视网膜临床人群中患有中度 AMD 的眼睛的纵向光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 体积数据。所有形成覆盖 IHRF 的玻璃疣均被标记。使用随机数生成器来选择未发展为 IHRF 的三个玻璃疣以进行进一步分级。结果 对 90 只眼睛（来自 72 名患者）进行了分析，其中包括 140 只具有 IHRF 的玻璃膜疣和 270 只 IHRF−玻璃膜疣。玻璃膜疣高度、基底玻璃膜疣宽度和上覆椭圆体区 (EZ) 以及外部界膜破坏与 IHRF 发生风险显着增加相关 (p≤0.001)。回归分析显示，EZ 破坏使这些几率增加了 4.1 (p≤0.001)。玻璃膜疣高度和宽度每增加 10 µm，几率就会分别增加 34% (p≤0.001) 和 3% (p: 0.005)。距中央凹的距离每增加 100 µm，几率就会降低 10% (p: 0.013)。结论 存在上覆 EZ 破坏和较高的玻璃疣高度会显着增加发生 IHRF 的风险，而远离中央凹的玻璃疣则表明风险降低。鉴于 IHRF 作为 AMD 进展生物标志物的重要性，这些发现可能对确定未来早期干预试验的患者群体有价值。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。