The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA’s flagship mission and successor to the highly successful Hubble Space Telescope. It is an infrared observatory featuring a cryogenic 6.6 m aperture, deployable optical telescope element with a payload of four science instruments assembled into an integrated science instrument module that provide imagery and spectroscopy in the near infrared band between 0.6 and 5 μm and in the mid-infrared band between 5 and 28 μm. JWST was successfully launched on December 25, 2021, aboard an Ariane 5 launch vehicle. All 50 major deployments were successfully completed by January 8, 2022. The observatory performed all mid-course correction maneuvers and achieved its operational mission orbit around the Sun-Earth second Lagrange Point. All commissioning and calibration activities have been completed and JWST has begun its science mission. Its present performance meets or out-performs all requirements. Launching over 20 years after its mission concept review, the JWST Observatory is a first and only of its kind of facility. This program faced many unique challenges that were not only technical in nature but also organizational and managerial. We describe the challenges faced by the JWST systems engineering team, the way the team addressed them, and make recommendations for focus areas of future flagship missions, which will likely face similar challenges. It will not explicitly address the cost challenges of the mission. We first describe the mission and its over-arching challenges. We then describe the tailoring of systems engineering processes and methods used to address these challenges and effectiveness. The events, tasks, issues, and their resolutions and the resulting specific lessons learned from the project are discussed with the over-arching recommendations for future flagship missions that derive from these lessons.

中文翻译：

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从詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜系统工程中汲取的经验教训

詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜是美国宇航局的旗舰任务，也是非常成功的哈勃太空望远镜的后继者。它是一个红外天文台，具有低温 6.6 m 孔径、可展开光学望远镜元件，其有效载荷由四个科学仪器组装成一个集成科学仪器模块，可提供 0.6 至 5 μm 之间的近红外波段以及中红外波段的图像和光谱。 5 至 28 μm 之间的红外波段。 JWST 于 2021 年 12 月 25 日由阿丽亚娜 5 号运载火箭成功发射。截至2022年1月8日，所有50次重大部署均已成功完成。天文台执行了所有中程修正机动，并实现了围绕日地第二拉格朗日点的运行任务轨道。所有调试和校准活动均已完成，JWST 已开始其科学任务。其目前的性能满足或优于所有要求。 JWST 天文台在其任务概念审查 20 年后启动，是第一个也是唯一一个此类设施。该计划面临许多独特的挑战，这些挑战不仅是技术上的，而且是组织和管理上的。我们描述了 JWST 系统工程团队面临的挑战、团队解决这些挑战的方式，并为未来旗舰任务的重点领域提出建议，这些任务可能会面临类似的挑战。它不会明确解决任务的成本挑战。我们首先描述使命及其首要挑战。然后，我们描述了用于解决这些挑战和有效性的系统工程流程和方法的定制。讨论了事件、任务、问题及其解决方案以及从该项目中吸取的具体经验教训，并根据这些经验教训为未来旗舰任务提出了总体建议。