Steady growth in global greenhouse gas emissions from transport is driven by growing demand for car travel. A sizable body of research investigates influences of urban form on travel behavior, but few European studies illustrate variation of these influences across multiple cities and countries using disaggregated data. Here, we compare car ownership and mobility patterns, and we use gradient boosting decision tree and regression models to investigate urban form influences on travel distances, vehicle ownership, and mode choice across nineteen diverse European cities. Residential proximity to the city center is the urban form feature with greatest predictive importance for trip distances, car ownership and car mode choice. The exponential reduction of car use with higher population density is clearly demonstrated with aggregate city data. We detect nonlinear relationships between urban form and modelled outcomes, identify urban form thresholds for sustainable mobility, and suggest targeted policy interventions.

中文翻译：

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比较城市形态对出行距离、汽车拥有量和模式选择的影响

汽车出行需求的增长推动了全球交通运输温室气体排放的稳定增长。大量研究调查了城市形态对出行行为的影响，但很少有欧洲研究使用分类数据来说明这些影响在多个城市和国家之间的变化。在这里，我们比较了汽车拥有量和出行模式，并使用梯度提升决策树和回归模型来研究城市形态对 19 个不同欧洲城市的出行距离、车辆拥有量和模式选择的影响。住宅靠近市中心是城市形态特征，对于出行距离、汽车拥有量和汽车模式选择具有最大的预测重要性。城市综合数据清楚地表明，随着人口密度的增加，汽车使用量呈指数级下降。我们检测城市形态和建模结果之间的非线性关系，确定可持续流动性的城市形态阈值，并提出有针对性的政策干预措施。