Drought alters the diversity, composition, and network stability of microbial communities. Natural resources benefit from intercropping, particularly cereal-legume intercropping, where soil microbes are important for biogeochemical cycles and plant growth. However, little is understood about how different cropping environments' soil microbial communities respond to drought. Here, we examined bulk and rhizospheric soil microbial communities in the cereal/legume monoculture versus intercropping in a three-year drought legacy field experiment. We found that drought treatment decreased the microbial alpha diversity compared to the control with no significant differences between monoculture and intercropping systems or bulk soil and rhizosphere soil. Moreover, drought was the main factor affecting microbial community compositions, thereby increasing the abundance of Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Basidiomycota and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Ascomycota. Soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as enzyme activities, were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial and fungal community compositions. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed that, in response to drought, the intercropping system produced larger, more complex, and more stable soil fungal networks and less stable bacterial networks compared to the monoculture system, even though the microbial diversity was unaffected by the cropping system used. Taken together, drought was the principal factor accounting for variations in microbial communities and changes in soil properties. Even though microbial diversity and structure did not vary significantly in response to drought legacy between monoculture and intercropping systems, the co-occurrence of bacterial and fungal taxa showed notable differences. These findings provided a new strategy to cope with drought stress by optimizing the cropping systems.

中文翻译：

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间作与单作的土壤微生物组成、多样性和网络稳定性对干旱的反应不同

干旱改变微生物群落的多样性、组成和网络稳定性。自然资源受益于间作，特别是谷类-豆类间作，其中土壤微生物对于生物地球化学循环和植物生长非常重要。然而，人们对不同种植环境的土壤微生物群落如何应对干旱知之甚少。在这里，我们在为期三年的干旱遗留田间实验中检查了谷物/豆类单一栽培与间作的大量和根际土壤微生物群落。我们发现，与对照相比，干旱处理降低了微生物α多样性，单作和间作系统或大块土壤和根际土壤之间没有显着差异。此外，干旱是影响微生物群落组成的主要因素，从而增加了放线菌门、厚壁菌门和担子菌门的丰度，并减少了变形菌门、酸杆菌门和子囊菌门的丰度。土壤不稳定有机碳和氮以及酶活性是影响细菌和真菌群落组成的主要环境因素。共现网络分析表明，在应对干旱时，与单作系统相比，间作系统产生了更大、更复杂、更稳定的土壤真菌网络和稳定性较差的细菌网络，尽管微生物多样性并未受到作物种植的影响。使用的系统。总的来说，干旱是导致微生物群落变化和土壤性质变化的主要因素。尽管单作和间作系统之间的微生物多样性和结构并没有因干旱遗留而发生显着变化，但细菌和真菌类群的共存表现出显着差异。这些发现提供了通过优化耕作系统应对干旱胁迫的新策略。