Two-dimensional (2D) magnetism in van der Waals (vdW) atomic crystals and moiré superlattices has emerged as a topic of tremendous interest in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science within the past half-decade since its first experimental discovery in 2016 – 2017. It has not only served as a powerful platform for investigating phase transitions in the 2D limit and exploring new phases of matter, but also provided new opportunities for applications in microelectronics, spintronics, magnonics, optomagnetics, and so on. Despite the flourish developments in 2D magnetism over this short period of time, further efforts are welcome in multiple forefronts of 2D magnetism research for achieving the ultimate goal of routinely implementing 2D magnets as quantum electronic components. In this review article, we will start with basic concepts and properties of 2D magnetism, followed by a brief overview of historical efforts in 2D magnetism research and then a comprehensive review of vdW material-based 2D magnetism. We will conclude with discussions on potential future research directions for this growing field of 2D vdW magnetism.

中文翻译：

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范德华材料二维磁性研究进展与展望

自 2016 年首次实验发现以来，范德华 (vdW) 原子晶体和莫尔超晶格中的二维 (2D) 磁性已成为凝聚态物理和材料科学领域极大兴趣的话题。 – 2017年。它不仅为研究二维极限内的相变和探索物质的新相提供了强大的平台，而且为微电子学、自旋电子学、磁振子学、光磁学等领域的应用提供了新的机遇。尽管二维磁性在短时间内取得了蓬勃发展，但仍欢迎在二维磁性研究的多个前沿领域做出进一步的努力，以实现将二维磁体常规用作量子电子元件的最终目标。在这篇综述文章中，我们将从二维磁性的基本概念和性质开始，简要概述二维磁性研究的历史成果，然后全面回顾基于 vdW 材料的二维磁性。最后我们将讨论这个不断发展的二维 vdW 磁性领域未来潜在的研究方向。