In practical scenarios, tunnels may unavoidably cross active fault zones, leading to potentially severe damage by active fault displacement during earthquakes. Previous studies have failed to clearly establish an analytical method that considers both compressive and frictional behavior between tunnels and the soil that surrounds them, hindering the understanding of the tunnel-soil interaction. To address this, a finite element model (FEM) has been developed in this study to investigate the compressive and frictional characteristics of the tunnel-soil interaction of a reverse active fault-crossing tunnel. The model identifies six distinct zones of tunnel-soil interaction, namely, two “active” zones, two “passive” zones, and two “separation” zones. Building on these findings, the active fault-tunnel system was divided into three equivalent sub-systems, and an analytical method was established by creating and then combining equations for each sub-system. By applying the Pasternak Elastic Foundation Beam theory and Elastic theory, an analytical method is introduced that can simultaneously consider the distributed non-linear compressive interactive stress and non-linear frictional interactive stress. The results of the analytical method were validated with the FE results under three series of geological conditions. Through a quantitative examination of the similarity ratio and length of influence, the analytical results were seen to effectively reflect the characteristics of the soil-tunnel interaction and exhibit a good agreement with the FE results. It is concluded that the analytical model will serve as a computational reference for the design of reverse active fault-crossing tunnels.

中文翻译：

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确定穿越反向活动断​​层隧道结构响应的分析方法

在实际情况中，隧道可能不可避免地穿越活动断层带，从而导致地震期间活动断层位移造成潜在的严重破坏。先前的研究未能明确建立一种考虑隧道与周围土壤之间的压缩和摩擦行为的分析方法，阻碍了对隧道-土壤相互作用的理解。为了解决这个问题，本研究开发了有限元模型（FEM）来研究反向主动穿越断层隧道的隧道-土壤相互作用的压缩和摩擦特性。该模型确定了隧道与土壤相互作用的六个不同区域，即两个“主动”区域、两个“被动”区域和两个“分离”区域。基于这些发现，活动断层隧道系统被分为三个等效子系统，并通过创建然后组合每个子系统的方程来建立分析方法。应用帕斯捷尔纳克弹性地基梁理论和弹性理论，提出了一种同时考虑分布非线性压交互应力和非线性摩擦交互应力的解析方法。分析方法的结果与三个系列地质条件下的有限元结果进行了验证。通过对相似比和影响长度的定量检验，分析结果有效地反映了土-隧道相互作用的特征，与有限元结果吻合较好。研究结果表明，该解析模型可为反向主动穿越断层隧道的设计提供计算参考。