<br>铀污染水体修复技术综述,Chemosphere

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铀污染水体修复技术综述
Chemosphere ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141322
Joshua O Ighalo ₁ , Zhonghao Chen ₂ , Chinemerem R Ohoro ₃ , Mutiat Oniye ₄ , Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe ₅ , Isaiah Elimhingbovo ₆ , Banlambhabok Khongthaw ₇ , Kanika Dulta ₈ , Pow-Seng Yap ₂ , Ioannis Anastopoulos ₉

Affiliation

Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Department of Chemical and Material Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000 Kazakhstan.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostaki Campus, Arta 47100, Greece.

铀是地壳中天然存在的放射性元素。它表现出亲石特性，表明它倾向于位于地球表面附近并与氧紧密结合。它具有生态毒性，因此需要将其从水环境中去除。本文重点介绍从水中去除铀的各种水处理工艺，包括物理（膜分离、吸附和电凝聚）、化学（离子交换、光催化和过硫酸盐还原）和生物（生物还原和生物吸附）接近。据观察，膜过滤和离子交换是该应用中最流行和最有前途的工艺。膜工艺具有高通量，但面临高功率要求和结垢的挑战。除了高 pH 敏感性外，离子交换在其应用方面没有任何重大挑战。从这次审查中得出了其他一些独特的观察结果。带有磷酸盐配体的壳聚糖/复合吸附剂、羟基磷灰石气凝胶和MXene/氧化石墨烯复合材料对铀表现出超吸附性能（>1000 mg/g 的吸收能力）。据观察，在文献报道的大多数情况下，超滤 (UF) 膜、反渗透 (RO) 膜和电凝的铀去除/转化效率不会低于 97%。最近对热还原过硫酸盐进行了探索，并显示可实现高达 86% 的铀还原效率。我们预计未来的研究将探索混合工艺（多种传统技术的任意组合），以解决工艺设计和性能挑战的各个方面。

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A review of remediation technologies for uranium-contaminated water

Uranium is a naturally existing radioactive element present in the Earth's crust. It exhibits lithophilic characteristics, indicating its tendency to be located near the surface of the Earth and tightly bound to oxygen. It is ecotoxic, hence the need for its removal from the aqueous environment. This paper focuses on the variety of water treatment processes for the removal of uranium from water and this includes physical (membrane separation, adsorption and electrocoagulation), chemical (ion exchange, photocatalysis and persulfate reduction), and biological (bio-reduction and biosorption) approaches. It was observed that membrane filtration and ion exchange are the most popular and promising processes for this application. Membrane processes have high throughput but with the challenge of high power requirements and fouling. Besides high pH sensitivity, ion exchange does not have any major challenges related to its application. Several other unique observations were derived from this review. Chitosan/ composite adsorbent bearing phosphate ligand, hydroxyapatite aerogel and MXene/graphene oxide composite has shown super-adsorbent performance (>1000 mg/g uptake capacity) for uranium. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and electrocoagulation have been observed not to go below 97% uranium removal/conversion efficiency for most cases reported in the literature. Heat persulfate reduction has been explored quite recently and shown to achieve as high as 86% uranium reduction efficiency. We anticipate that future studies would explore hybrid processes (which are any combinations of multiple conventional techniques) to solve various aspects of the process design and performance challenges.

更新日期：2024-01-29

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