<br>城市内小气候对空气中气溶胶的敏感性和暴露风险：来自大城市地铁系统的证据,Science of the Total Environment

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城市内小气候对空气中气溶胶的敏感性和暴露风险：来自大城市地铁系统的证据
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170514
Zhijian Liu ₁ , Mingtao Ding ₁ , Chenxing Hu ₂ , Rui Rong ₁ , Chaofan Lin ₁ , Guangpeng Yao ₁ , Xuqiang Shao ₃ , Guangya Jin ₁

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现代特大城市城内人口的健康在很大程度上依赖于地铁系统微气候内的生物安全，在不同因素下，地铁系统很容易受到载有病毒的生物气溶胶带来的流行病挑战。文献尚未解决传染性病原体的暴露风险与人口稠密的小气候中边界条件的动态变化之间的关联。本研究旨在表征生物气溶胶的分散性，评估各种列车到达场景下的暴露风险以及现实双层地铁站的危险释放位置。研究结果为大城市代表性微气候中的主导气流模式、生物气溶胶扩散行为、暴露风险和疏散指导提供了证据。人们发现附近人行通道的隧道效应主导了气流模式，导致空气中生物气溶胶的排放。与没有火车到达的情况相比，一两列火车到达地铁站台时生物气溶胶的排放率至少增加了60%。改进的 Wells-Riley 模型的风险评估结果估计，在没有火车到达的情况下，最大感染概率为 57.62%。 20 分钟内，平台层靠近源头的大片区域仍不能被认为是安全的。对于火车到达站台的另外两种情况，感染的最大概率在5%以下。此外，大多数火车车厢都可以被视为安全区，因为屏蔽门上的通风大多朝向站台。此外，站台地面生物气溶胶的释放对人体健康构成最严重的威胁，并提出了相应的疏散策略。这些研究结果为城市内微气候的设计提供了实用指导，增强了对减少暴露装置或应急计划的需求，并提供了潜在的疏散策略，以改善健康结果。

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Susceptibility and exposure risk to airborne aerosols in intra-urban microclimate: Evidence from subway system of mega-cities

The health of intra-urban population in modern megacities relies largely on the biosafety within the microclimate of subway system, which can be vulnerable to epidemical challenges brought by virus-laden bioaerosols under varying factors. The literature has yet to address the association between the exposure risks to infectious pathogens and the dynamic changes of boundary conditions in this densely populated microclimate. This study aims at characterizing the bioaerosol dispersion, evaluating the exposure risks under various train arrival scenarios and hazard releasing positions in a real-world double-decker subway station. The results provide the evidence for the dominating airflow pattern, bioaerosols dispersion behaviors, exposure risk, and evacuation guidance in a representative microclimate of mega-cities. The tunnel effects of nearby pedestrian passageways are found to be dominating the airflow pattern, leading to the discharging of airborne bioaerosols. At least 60 % increasing of discharging rate of bioaerosol is attributed to the arrival of one or two trains at the subway platform compared with the scenario with no train arriving. Results from risk assessment with improved Wells-Riley model estimate 57.62 % of maximum infectivity probability with no train arriving. Large areas near the source at the platform floor still cannot be considered safe within 20 min. For the other two scenarios where trains arrive at the platform, the maximum probability of infection is below 5 %. Moreover, the majority of train carriages can be regarded as safe zones, as the ventilation across the screen door are mostly directed towards the platform. Additionally, releasing the bioaerosols at the platform floor poses the most severe threats to human health, and the corresponding evacuation strategies are suggested. These findings offer practical guidance for the design of the intra-urban microclimate, reinforcing the need for exposure reduction device or contingency plans, and providing potential evacuation strategy towards improved health outcomes.

更新日期：2024-01-29

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