The occurrence of subsurface karst caves can cause the development of superficial depressions which, in turn, may pose a construction hazard. Identifying such a substratum requires integrated non-invasive measurement methods. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the non-invasive ERT, TLS, and GPR survey techniques in identifying the karst floor and determining the direction of discontinuities around the cave. The paper analyzes the limitations of the methods used in the study of heterogeneous media. These limitations are related to the methodology and measurement conditions, data processing, and interpretation in the context of the resolution and depth range. The study was conducted using the example of the Jaskinia pod Świecami cave, formed in the Sarmatianal calcarenites in Poland. The research confirmed its complex karst-anthropogenic genesis. The cave was formed as a result of the infiltration of rainwater and the dissolution of limestone by groundwater, while the paleokarst forms that are characteristic of it and of the surrounding caves and occur in their vicinity, i.e., narrow ridges called "karst candles", were formed as a result of water circulation during the local permafrost degradation in the middle Pleistocene. However, these forms were modified in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, as indicated by ERT images.

地下溶洞的出现会导致地表凹陷的发育，从而可能造成施工危险。识别这样的基质需要集成的非侵入性测量方法。该研究的主要目的是证明非侵入式 ERT、TLS 和 GPR 勘测技术在识别喀斯特地面和确定洞穴周围不连续性方向方面的有效性。文章分析了异质介质研究中所用方法的局限性。这些限制与分辨率和深度范围内的方法和测量条件、数据处理以及解释有关。这项研究以波兰萨尔马蒂亚纳尔石灰岩中形成的 Jaskinia pod Świecami 洞穴为例进行。该研究证实了其复杂的喀斯特人为成因。该洞穴是由于雨水渗透和地下水溶解石灰岩而形成的，而其及其周围洞穴特有的古岩溶形态则出现在其附近，即被称为“喀斯特蜡烛”的狭窄山脊，是中更新世局部多年冻土退化过程中水循环的结果。然而，如 ERT 图像所示，这些形式在上更新世和全新世发生了变化。