Sharpening the pore size distribution is challenging but highly efficacious to boost the performance of polyamide (PA) membranes in nanofiltration (NF). Herein, a facile and applicable strategy for narrowing the pore size distribution of a piperazine (PIP)-based NF membrane is proposed by introducing 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (DAP) into the aqueous phase. The results show that the selective layer can be effectively remodeled via the incorporation of DAP. A thicker, rougher and more hydrophilic selective layer with a narrowed pore size distribution can be attained by adding 0.03 w/v% DAP to the 0.1 w/v% PIP solution, which exhibited a pure water permeance (PWP) of 20.7 L m h·bar and a MgSO rejection up to 97.4 %. This transformation can be attributed to the stronger polarity and higher reactivity of DAP compared to PIP. During the IP process modified by DAP, the strong polarity of DAP could result in a slower and more homogeneous diffusion of PIP into the organic phase through hydrogen interaction to facilitate a uniform interfacial polymerization reaction. Meanwhile, the higher reactivity of DAP could remedy the probably produced defects. This work provides a straightforward route for the regulation of NF membrane structure and performance.

中文翻译：

---

添加 1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇 (DAP) 可以缩小哌嗪基超薄聚酰胺薄膜的孔径分布

锐化孔径分布具有挑战性，但对于提高聚酰胺 (PA) 膜在纳滤 (NF) 中的性能非常有效。在此，提出了一种通过将 1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇（DAP）引入水相来缩小基于哌嗪（PIP）的纳滤膜孔径分布的简便且适用的策略。结果表明，通过加入DAP可以有效地重塑选择性层。在0.1 w/v% PIP溶液中添加0.03 w/v% DAP可以获得更厚、更粗糙、更亲水、孔径分布更窄的选择性层，其纯水渗透率（PWP）为20.7 L m h· bar 和 MgSO4 截留率高达 97.4%。这种转变可归因于与 PIP 相比，DAP 具有更强的极性和更高的反应性。在DAP改性的IP过程中，DAP的强极性可以导致PIP通过氢相互作用更慢、更均匀地扩散到有机相中，从而促进均匀的界面聚合反应。同时，DAP较高的反应活性可以弥补可能产生的缺陷。这项工作为调节 NF 膜结构和性能提供了一条简单的途径。