Mitophagy is a critical cellular self-protective mechanism involving the degradation and recycling of damaged or excessive mitochondria, which has been implicated in various diseases. In our study, we designed and synthesized two phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes, and , specifically targeting mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively, to investigate mitophagy. HS, a cell-protective agent, was chosen as the target molecule for both probes. Our findings demonstrate the selective localization of to mitochondria and to lysosomes. Both probes exhibited rapid, selective, and highly sensitive recognition of HS, enabling imaging of exogenous and endogenous HS. By employing split-targeting and simultaneous detection, we were able to monitor changes in HS levels in mitochondria and lysosomes, providing dynamic and visual imaging of the mitophagy processes. Upregulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal HS was observed during mitochondrial autophagy. This work introduces valuable research methods and tools for investigating mitophagy, thereby enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process.

中文翻译：

---

使用基于吩噻嗪的双荧光探针揭示线粒体自噬中的硫化氢检测和溶酶体-线粒体融合

线粒体自噬是一种重要的细胞自我保护机制，涉及受损或过多线粒体的降解和回收，与多种疾病有关。在我们的研究中，我们设计并合成了两种基于吩噻嗪的荧光探针，分别专门针对线粒体和溶酶体，以研究线粒体自噬。 HS（一种细胞保护剂）被选为两种探针的目标分子。我们的研究结果证明了线粒体和溶酶体的选择性定位。两种探针均表现出对 HS 的快速、选择性和高灵敏度识别，从而能够对外源性和内源性 HS 进行成像。通过采用分割靶向和同时检测，我们能够监测线粒体和溶酶体中 HS 水平的变化，提供线粒体自噬过程的动态和可视化成像。在线粒体自噬过程中观察到线粒体和溶酶体 HS 的上调。这项工作介绍了用于研究线粒体自噬的有价值的研究方法和工具，从而增强了我们对该过程背后的分子机制的理解。