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Microbial decomposition of biodegradable plastics on the deep-sea floor
Nature Communications ( IF 14.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44368-8
Taku Omura 1 , Noriyuki Isobe 2 , Takamasa Miura 3 , Shun'ichi Ishii 4 , Mihoko Mori 3 , Yoshiyuki Ishitani 4 , Satoshi Kimura 1 , Kohei Hidaka 3 , Katsuya Komiyama 1 , Miwa Suzuki 5 , Ken-Ichi Kasuya 5, 6 , Hidetaka Nomaki 4 , Ryota Nakajima 7 , Masashi Tsuchiya 7 , Shinsuke Kawagucci 7 , Hiroyuki Mori 8 , Atsuyoshi Nakayama 9 , Masao Kunioka 10 , Kei Kamino 3 , Tadahisa Iwata 1
Affiliation  

Microbes can decompose biodegradable plastics on land, rivers and seashore. However, it is unclear whether deep-sea microbes can degrade biodegradable plastics in the extreme environmental conditions of the seafloor. Here, we report microbial decomposition of representative biodegradable plastics (polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable polyesters, and polysaccharide esters) at diverse deep-sea floor locations ranging in depth from 757 to 5552 m. The degradation of samples was evaluated in terms of weight loss, reduction in material thickness, and surface morphological changes. Poly(l-lactic acid) did not degrade at either shore or deep-sea sites, while other biodegradable polyesters, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polysaccharide esters were degraded. The rate of degradation slowed with water depth. We analysed the plastic-associated microbial communities by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Several dominant microorganisms carried genes potentially encoding plastic-degrading enzymes such as polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases and cutinases/polyesterases. Analysis of available metagenomic datasets indicated that these microorganisms are present in other deep-sea locations. Our results confirm that biodegradable plastics can be degraded by the action of microorganisms on the deep-sea floor, although with much less efficiency than in coastal settings.



中文翻译:


深海海底可生物降解塑料的微生物分解



微生物可以在陆地、河流和海滨分解可生物降解的塑料。然而,目前尚不清楚深海微生物是否能在海底的极端环境条件下降解可生物降解的塑料。在这里,我们报告了在 757 至 5552 m 深度的不同深海海底位置具有代表性的可生物降解塑料(聚羟基脂肪酸酯、可生物降解聚酯和多糖酯)的微生物分解。根据重量损失、材料厚度减少和表面形态变化评估样品的降解。聚 (l-乳酸) 在岸上或深海地点均未降解,而其他可生物降解聚酯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯和多糖酯则被降解。降解速度随着水深的增加而减慢。我们通过 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序和宏基因组学分析了塑料相关微生物群落。几种优势微生物携带可能编码塑料降解酶的基因,例如聚羟基脂肪酸酯解聚酶和角质酶/聚酯酶。对可用宏基因组数据集的分析表明,这些微生物存在于其他深海位置。我们的结果证实,可生物降解塑料可以通过微生物在深海海底的作用进行降解,尽管效率远低于沿海环境。

更新日期:2024-01-28
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