Aquaculture contributes a significant portion of the global aquatic biomass destined for human consumption. Bivalve and marine finfish aquaculture operations require sea-based farm sites that result in considerable interactions with the natural environment. The addition of feed waste and physical structures (e.g., net pens and longline mussel culture) can provide an attractive artificial reef for many species and studies have shown both positive and negative effects on the surrounding ecosystem due to wild species interactions with aquaculture sites. Assessing these interactions can be complex, depending on the local ecosystem, and several monitoring techniques have been used to accurately determine associations of wild finfish and decapods to marine farms. In this review, we assessed the main methods used to monitor aquaculture-ecosystem interactions. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed and suggestions to mitigate shortfalls for future studies are outlined. It was evident that combining methodologies should be prioritised to lessen the impact of identified weaknesses of any given approach. Designing studies with complementary approaches may help attain robust data that can be used to further understand aquaculture-ecosystem interactions and the underlying proximate mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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用于监测野生物种与海水养殖场关联的数据收集方法的审查


水产养殖占全球供人类消费的水生生物量的很大一部分。双壳类和海水鱼类养殖作业需要海基养殖场，这会导致与自然环境的大量相互作用。添加饲料废物和物理结构（例如网栏和延绳钓贻贝养殖）可以为许多物种提供有吸引力的人工鱼礁，研究表明，由于野生物种与水产养殖场的相互作用，对周围生态系统产生了积极和消极的影响。评估这些相互作用可能很复杂，具体取决于当地的生态系统，并且已经使用了几种监测技术来准确确定野生鱼类和十足类与海洋养殖场的关联。在本次综述中，我们评估了用于监测水产养殖-生态系统相互作用的主要方法。讨论了每种技术的优点和缺点，并概述了减轻未来研究不足的建议。显然，应优先考虑组合方法，以减轻任何给定方法已识别的弱点的影响。采用互补方法设计研究可能有助于获得可靠的数据，可用于进一步了解水产养殖-生态系统的相互作用和潜在的直接机制。