Throughout time, ethnoracial groups have endured a range of traumatic experiences as historically marginalized members of the United States. The consequences of these experiences have been referred to as historical trauma (HT): a collective trauma, inflicted on a group of people who share a specific identity, that has psychological, physical, and social impacts on succeeding generations. In this review, we examine the literature on HT in relation to US ethnoracial groups by defining HT, providing a background for its development, and describing critiques of the concept. We then review the literature on HT in relation to Indigenous Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans. For each group, we address the nature of HT, the transmission of HT and its impacts, and healing strategies. We conclude with a summary of the benefits, limitations, and complexities of HT research as well as recommendations for future work in this area.

中文翻译：

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美国民族种族历史创伤的代际传递


古往今来，作为历史上被边缘化的美国成员，种族群体经历了一系列创伤经历。这些经历的后果被称为历史创伤 （HT）：一种集体创伤，施加在具有特定身份的一群人身上，对后代产生心理、身体和社会影响。在这篇综述中，我们通过定义 HT、提供其发展背景和描述对该概念的批评来研究 HT 与美国种族群体相关的文献。然后，我们回顾了与美洲原住民、非裔美国人和亚裔美国人相关的 HT 文献。对于每个组，我们讨论了 HT 的性质、HT 的传播及其影响以及愈合策略。最后，我们总结了 HT 研究的好处、局限性和复杂性，以及对该领域未来工作的建议。