Contacts with nature are linked with reduced morbidity and mortality. Hypothesized pathways include relaxation, physical activity, and improved immune function. This cross-sectional study of 320 adults in central North Carolina assessed health benefits of residential greenness using allostatic load (AL) and systemic inflammation (INFL) indices, composite biomarker-based measures of physiological dysregulation and inflammation, respectively. Distance-to-residence weighted tree cover and vegetated land cover measures were estimated within 500 m of each residence; 37 biomarkers of immune, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and metabolic functions were dichotomized at distribution or health-based cut-offs. AL was calculated as a sum of potentially unhealthy values of all biomarkers; INFL was based on a sub-set of 18 immune biomarkers. Regression analysis used generalized additive models for Poisson-distributed outcome. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in tree cover was associated with 0.89 (95 % Confidence Limits 0.82; 0.97) and 0.90 (0.79; 1.03)-fold change in AL and INFL, respectively. Greater daily outdoor time was associated with reduced AL and INFL, while leisure screen time, problems with sleeping, and common chronic infections were linked with increased AL and INFL. Among 138 individuals spending more than 1 h outdoors daily, an IQR increase in tree cover was associated with 0.76 (0.67; 0.86) and 0.81 (0.65; 1.02)-fold changes in AL and INFL, respectively. Among individuals with residential tree cover above the 50th percentile, spending more than 3 h outdoors daily was associated with 0.54 (0.37; 0.78) and 0.28 (0.15; 0.54)-fold changes in AL and INFL, respectively, compared to spending less than 30 min outdoors; there were no significant effects in the low tree cover stratum. Consistent but weaker effects were observed for vegetated land cover. Interaction effects of tree and vegetative cover and time spent outdoors on AL and INFL were statistically significant. This biomarker-based approach can help to assess public health benefits of green spaces.

与大自然的接触与发病率和死亡率的降低有关。假设的途径包括放松、体力活动和改善免疫功能。这项横断面研究对北卡罗来纳州中部的 320 名成年人进行了评估，分别使用稳态负荷 (AL) 和全身炎症 (INFL) 指数、基于复合生物标志物的生理失调和炎症指标来评估住宅绿化的健康益处。对每个住宅 500 米范围内的住宅距离加权树木覆盖率和植被覆盖率进行了估算；免疫、神经内分泌、心血管和代谢功能的 37 种生物标志物按分布或基于健康的截止值进行二分。 AL 计算为所有生物标志物的潜在不健康值的总和； INFL 基于 18 种免疫生物标志物的子集。回归分析使用广义加性模型来实现泊松分布结果。树木覆盖率的四分位数范围 (IQR) 增加分别与 AL 和 INFL 的 0.89（95% 置信限 0.82；0.97）和 0.90（0.79；1.03）倍变化相关。每日户外时间增加与 AL 和 INFL 减少相关，而休闲屏幕时间、睡眠问题和常见慢性感染则与 AL 和 INFL 增加相关。在 138 名每天在户外活动超过 1 小时的人中，树木覆盖率 IQR 的增加分别与 AL 和 INFL 的 0.76（0.67；0.86）和 0.81（0.65；1.02）倍的变化相关。在住宅树木覆盖率高于 50% 的个体中，每天在户外度过超过 3 小时的人与 0.54（0.37；0.78）和 0.28（0.15；0.15）相关。54) 与户外活动少于 30 分钟相比，AL 和 INFL 分别变化了 54 倍；低树木覆盖层没有显着影响。对于植被土地覆盖观察到了一致但较弱的影响。树木和植被覆盖以及户外时间对 AL 和 INFL 的相互作用具有统计学显着性。这种基于生物标记的方法可以帮助评估绿色空间的公共健康效益。