Planta ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04322-w Jinjin Li 1 , Hao Hu 1 , Hansen Fu 1 , Jie Li 2 , Tuo Zeng 1 , Jiawen Li 1 , Manqun Wang 3 , Maarten A Jongsma 4 , Caiyun Wang 1
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Main conclusion
In flowers multiple secretory systems cooperate to deliver specialized metabolites to support specific roles in defence and pollination. The collective roles of cell types, enzymes, and transporters are discussed.
Abstract
The interplay between reproductive strategies and defense mechanisms in flowering plants has long been recognized, with trade-offs between investment in defense and reproduction predicted. Glandular trichomes and secretory cavities or ducts, which are epidermal and internal structures, play a pivotal role in the secretion, accumulation, and transport of specialized secondary metabolites, and contribute significantly to defense and pollination. Recent investigations have revealed an intricate connection between these two structures, whereby specialized volatile and non-volatile metabolites are exchanged, collectively shaping their respective ecological functions. However, a comprehensive understanding of this profound integration remains largely elusive. In this review, we explore the secretory systems and associated secondary metabolism primarily in Asteraceous species to propose potential shared mechanisms facilitating the directional translocation of these metabolites to diverse destinations. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the cooperativity between epidermal and internal secretory structures in the biosynthesis, secretion, accumulation, and emission of terpenes, providing specific well-documented examples from pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium). Pyrethrum is renowned for its natural pyrethrin insecticides, which accumulate in the flower head, and more recently, for emitting an aphid alarm pheromone. These examples highlight the diverse specializations of secondary metabolism in pyrethrum and raise intriguing questions regarding the regulation of production and translocation of these compounds within and between its various epidermal and internal secretory systems, spanning multiple tissues, to serve distinct ecological purposes. By discussing the cooperative nature of secretory structures in flowering plants, this review sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying the ecological roles of terpenes in defense and pollination.
中文翻译：
探索开花植物防御和授粉分泌结构的协同作用
主要结论
在花中，多个分泌系统合作提供专门的代谢物，以支持防御和授粉中的特定作用。讨论了细胞类型、酶和转运蛋白的集体作用。
抽象的
开花植物的繁殖策略和防御机制之间的相互作用早已被认识到，并预测了防御投资和繁殖之间的权衡。腺毛和分泌腔或导管是表皮和内部结构，在专门的次生代谢物的分泌、积累和运输中发挥着关键作用，并且对防御和授粉有显着贡献。最近的研究揭示了这两种结构之间的错综复杂的联系，通过这种联系，专门的挥发性和非挥发性代谢物进行交换，共同塑造了它们各自的生态功能。然而，对这种深刻整合的全面理解在很大程度上仍然难以实现。在这篇综述中，我们主要探索了菊科物种的分泌系统和相关的次生代谢，以提出促进这些代谢物定向易位到不同目的地的潜在共享机制。我们总结了我们对表皮和内部分泌结构在萜类生物合成、分泌、积累和排放方面的协同作用的理解的最新进展，并提供了来自除虫菊（ Tanacetum cinerariifolium ）的具体实例。除虫菊以其天然除虫菊酯杀虫剂而闻名，这种杀虫剂积聚在花头中，最近又因释放蚜虫警报信息素而闻名。这些例子强调了除虫菊次生代谢的多样性，并提出了关于这些化合物在其跨多个组织的各种表皮和内部分泌系统内和之间的生产和易位调节的有趣问题，以服务于不同的生态目的。 通过讨论开花植物分泌结构的合作性质，这篇综述揭示了萜烯在防御和授粉中生态作用的复杂机制。
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