Infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are major causes of disease and death worldwide. Neutrophils are inescapably associated with each of these health concerns, by either protecting from, instigating, or aggravating their impact on the host. However, each of these disorders has a very different etiology, and understanding how neutrophils contribute to each of them requires understanding the intricacies of this immune cell type, including their immune and nonimmune contributions to physiology and pathology. Here, we review some of these intricacies, from basic concepts in neutrophil biology, such as their production and acquisition of functional diversity, to the variety of mechanisms by which they contribute to preventing or aggravating infections, cardiovascular events, and cancer. We also review poorly explored aspects of how neutrophils promote health by favoring tissue repair and discuss how discoveries about their basic biology inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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生理学和病理学中的中性粒细胞


感染、心血管疾病和癌症是全世界疾病和死亡的主要原因。中性粒细胞不可避免地与这些健康问题中的每一个有关，通过保护、煽动或加重它们对宿主的影响。然而，这些疾病中的每一种都有非常不同的病因，了解中性粒细胞如何导致每一种疾病都需要了解这种免疫细胞类型的复杂性，包括它们对生理学和病理学的免疫和非免疫贡献。在这里，我们回顾了其中的一些复杂性，从中性粒细胞生物学的基本概念，例如它们的产生和获得功能多样性，到它们有助于预防或加重感染、心血管事件和癌症的各种机制。我们还回顾了中性粒细胞如何通过促进组织修复来促进健康的未充分探索的方面，并讨论了有关其基础生物学的发现如何为新治疗策略的开发提供信息。