Bipyridine and related compounds are starting materials or precursors for a variety of valuable substances such as biologically active molecules, ligands for catalysts, photosensitizers, viologens, and supramolecular architectures. Thus, it is important to classify their synthesis methods and understand their characteristics. Representative examples include methods using homo and heterocoupling of pyridine derivatives in the presence of a catalyst. Because bipyridine compounds strongly coordinate with metal centers, a decrease in catalytic activity and yield is often observed in the reaction system. To address this issue, this review provides insights into advances over the last ~30 years in bipyridine synthesis using metal complexes under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Moreover, strategies for bipyridine synthesis involving sulfur and phosphorous compounds are examined. These alternative pathways offer promising avenues for overcoming the challenges associated with traditional catalysis methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the synthesis landscape.

中文翻译：

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联吡啶衍生物的合成最新进展

联吡啶和相关化合物是多种有价值物质的起始材料或前体，例如生物活性分子、催化剂配体、光敏剂、紫精和超分子结构。因此，对它们的合成方法进行分类并了解它们的特点非常重要。代表性实例包括在催化剂存在下使用吡啶衍生物的均偶联和杂偶联的方法。由于联吡啶化合物与金属中心强烈配位，因此在反应体系中经常观察到催化活性和产率下降。为了解决这个问题，本综述深入介绍了过去约 30 年在均相和非均相条件下使用金属配合物合成联吡啶的进展。此外，还研究了涉及硫和磷化合物的联吡啶合成策略。这些替代途径为克服与传统催化方法相关的挑战提供了有希望的途径，从而提供了对合成景观的更全面的了解。