<br>秘鲁亚马逊地区渔民与水生掠食者共存的看法和现实,Animal Conservation

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秘鲁亚马逊地区渔民与水生掠食者共存的看法和现实
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12932
M. Recharte ₁ , P. Lee ₁ , D. Meza ₂ , S.‐J. Vick ₁ , M. Bowler ₃

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人类和大型水生掠食者争夺鱼类，负面相互作用被广泛报道为“人类与野生动物冲突”。当水生捕食者被认为损害渔业或捕鱼设备时，可能会发生致命控制。人们很少比较对损害的看法和现实，但这种关系是确定如何减轻负面后果的关键。我们研究了秘鲁亚马逊河流域的人类与六种大型水生食鱼动物（两只凯门鳄、两只海豚、两只水獭）之间的共存情况。我们确定每个物种对捕鱼设备造成的损害程度，并将其与渔民感知到的损害程度进行比较。最近，一些地区的巨型水獭种群数量已经恢复，因此我们预计人们会对水獭的经历产生不同的看法。我们培训渔民完成捕捞登记（ n = 278，捕捞时间为 1173 小时），以记录野生动物对渔网的损坏。我们采访了来自三个地点的 302 人，以确定对捕食者造成的伤害的看法以及对巨型水獭的态度。网的损坏率反映了每个地点不同水生捕食者的存在和数量，但当存在时，海豚和凯门鳄对网的损坏比水獭更严重，水獭很少损坏网。与生活在巨水獭存在时间较长、水生捕食者更为丰富、社区资源管理水平较高的地区的人们相比，居住在巨水獭最近恢复的地区的人们认为巨水獭对渔网的破坏相对较高，并对渔网持更消极的态度成立时间较长。对一个物种更好的了解和更多的经验可能会导致对损害的更准确的认识和更高的耐受性。当人类和动物争夺自然资源时，缓解冲突很少包括更好的资源管理。如果在捕食者常见的地方对捕食者的容忍度更大，并且资源没有被过度开发，那么资源管理可能会比其他通常规定的缓解形式为利益相关者带来更大的收益。

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Perceptions and reality in fisher coexistence with aquatic predators in the Peruvian Amazon

Humans and large aquatic predators compete for fish and negative interactions are widely reported as ‘human–wildlife conflicts’. When aquatic predators are perceived to damage fisheries or fishing equipment, lethal control can occur. The perceptions and reality of damage are infrequently compared, but this relationship is key to determining how negative outcomes can be mitigated. We examine coexistence between people and six large aquatic piscivores (two caiman, two dolphins, two otters) in Amazonian Peru. We determine the extent of damage to fishing equipment caused by each species and compare this to the amount of damage perceived by fishers. Giant otter populations have recently recovered in some areas, so we expected different perceptions relating to experiences with otters. We trained fishers to complete fishing registers (n = 278, 1173 h of fishing) to record damage to nets by wildlife. We interviewed 302 people from three sites to determine perceptions of damage by predators, and attitudes towards giant otters. Rates of damage to nets reflected the presence and populations of different aquatic predators at each site, but when present, dolphins and caimans damaged nets more than otters, which rarely damaged nets. People living where giant otters had recently recovered perceived higher relative levels of damage to nets by them and had more negative attitudes about them, compared to people from areas where giant otters had been present for longer, aquatic predators were more abundant, and community resource management was longer-established. Better knowledge and more experience with a species may lead to more accurate perceptions of damage and increased tolerance. Where humans and animals compete for natural resources, conflict mitigation rarely includes better resource management. If tolerance of predators is greater where predators are common, and resources have not been overexploited, resource management may yield greater gains for stakeholders than other commonly prescribed forms of mitigation.

更新日期：2024-01-24

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