Up against the energy shortage and aggravating environmental pollution, it is extremely urgent to develop renewable clean energy. With efficient energy storage and energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage is the key direction for the development of energy storage technology in the future. Besides, aqueous zinc ion battery has attracted researchers because of its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity. Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries are roughly divided into manganese-based compounds, vanadium-based compounds, Prussian blue analogues, etc, which usually use zinc metal as an anode. Electrolytes include solid hydrogel electrolytes and liquid ion electrolytes. However, some problems exist in cathode materials, such as elements dissolution and low discharge voltage, while anode materials have problems in zinc dendrite growth and side reactions, and water decomposition occurs in electrolytes. In recent years, researchers have devoted themselves to optimizing aqueous zinc ion batteries in different ways, so as to obtain their high performance. In this paper, the general situation of zinc ion battery is introduced at first, and then the research status is emphatically expounded from the perspectives of problems existing in cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, and their optimization methods, which provides references for developing high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery.

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锌离子电池研究现状及优化方法

面对能源短缺和环境污染加剧，发展可再生清洁能源迫在眉睫。电化学储能凭借高效的储能和能量转换，是未来储能技术发展的重点方向。此外，水系锌离子电池因其成本低廉、理论比容量高而吸引了研究人员的关注。水系锌离子电池正极材料大致分为锰基化合物、钒基化合物、普鲁士蓝类似物等，通常采用锌金属作为负极。电解质包括固体水凝胶电解质和液体离子电解质。但正极材料存在元素溶解、放电电压低等问题，而负极材料则存在锌枝晶生长、副反应、电解液中发生水分解等问题。近年来，研究人员致力于通过不同方式优化水系锌离子电池，以获得其高性能。本文首先介绍了锌离子电池的概况，然后从正极材料、负极材料、电解液及其优化方法等方面存在的问题，重点阐述了锌离子电池的研究现状，为开发高性能锌离子电池提供参考。 -高性能水系锌离子电池。