With preterm neonates surviving earlier gestational ages, comorbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, delayed neuronal development, intestinal injury, osteopenia, and parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease have become more common. This has been a topic of much deliberation and research to identify mitigation strategies. We explore nutrition approaches and risk factors for each condition individually, even though some strategies may overlap due to similar disease mechanisms. These conditions have long-lasting effects on preterm neonates, calling for ongoing assessment of practical and adjustable interventions. Recent studies elucidate the utility of nutrition optimization for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, delayed neuronal development, intestinal injury, osteopenia, and parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Specifically, amino acids, lipids, breastmilk, and Vitamins A, D, and E have been shown to effectively mitigate the risk these common morbidities affection preterm neonates. Further studies are needed to identify targeted ranges of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals essential to the varying gestational ages and high-risk populations. Data sharing not applicable as no datasets generated and/or analysed for this study. Not applicable.

中文翻译：

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预防早产儿短期不良后果的营养策略

随着早产儿在较早孕龄中存活，支气管肺发育不良、早产儿视网膜病变、神经元发育迟缓、肠道损伤、骨质减少和肠外营养相关肝病等合并症变得更加常见。这是一个经过大量审议和研究以确定缓解策略的主题。我们单独探索每种疾病的营养方法和风险因素，尽管由于类似的疾病机制，某些策略可能会重叠。这些情况对早产儿有长期影响，需要对实际和可调整的干预措施进行持续评估。最近的研究阐明了营养优化对于预防支气管肺发育不良、早产儿视网膜病变、神经元发育迟缓、肠道损伤、骨质减少和肠外营养相关肝病的效用。具体来说，氨基酸、脂质、母乳和维生素 A、D 和 E 已被证明可以有效降低这些常见疾病影响早产儿的风险。需要进一步的研究来确定不同胎龄和高危人群必需的常量营养素、维生素和矿物质的目标范围。数据共享不适用，因为本研究没有生成和/或分析数据集。不适用。