This study aimed to isolate oligosaccharides from P. sibiricum, analyze its structure, and elucidate the pharmacological mechanism for colitis improvement. First, a homogeneous oligosaccharide PSO-A was isolated and its structure was characterized. Then, the colitis model was induced with 3 % dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and intervened with PSO-A. The results show that PSO-A was an agavin-type acetylated fructooligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 2.12 kDa. PSO-A consisted of (2 → 6)-β-D-Fruf residue backbone with an internal α-D-Glcp residue and (2 → 1)-β-D-Fruf residue side chains. Further, PSO-A increased mucin content, protected intestinal barrier integrity of colitis mice, and significantly inhibited the levels of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in colitis mice was statistically inhibited by PSO-A. In summary, PSO-A could alleviate colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which provides a basis for the development and application of P. sibiricum oligosaccharides as drug or functional food to relieve colitis.

本研究旨在从西伯利亚黄芪中分离寡糖，分析其结构，阐明其改善结肠炎的药理机制。首先，分离出均质寡糖 PSO-A 并表征了其结构。然后用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导结肠炎模型并用PSO-A干预。结果表明，PSO-A是一种龙舌兰型乙酰化低聚果糖，分子量为2.12 kDa。PSO-A 由具有内部 α-D-Glc p残基的 (2 → 6)-β-D-Fru f残基主链和 (2 → 1)-β-D-Fru f残基侧链组成。此外，PSO-A 增加粘蛋白含量，保护结肠炎小鼠肠道屏障的完整性，并显着抑制炎症因子的水平。此外，PSO-A 显着抑制结肠炎小鼠中 NLRP3、ASC 和 Caspase-1 的蛋白表达。综上所述，PSO-A可以通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体通路来缓解结肠炎，这为西伯利亚低聚糖作为缓解结肠炎的药物或功能食品的开发和应用提供了基础。