Upper ureteral stricture is a relatively rare but increasingly encountered condition in clinical practice. While simple stricture can often be addressed through endoluminal treatment or surgical reconstruction, complex upper ureteral stricture poses challenges, particularly in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) or perirenal pelvic fibrosis and scarring resulting from previous surgeries. These cases present difficulties for traditional endoluminal and ureteral reconstruction treatments, posing a significant problem for many clinical surgeons. Our study involved a thorough search and comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on Ureterocalicostomy (UC). The literature indicates that UC is a safe and effective treatment for ureteral stenosis. By resecting the renal lower pole parenchyma, it is possible to achieve mucosal anastomosis between the calyceal and ureteral mucosa, leading to the restoration of normal urinary excretion. This technique has emerged as an alternative for treating complex upper ureteral strictures. However, there is a lack of direct comparative studies between open surgery and minimally invasive surgery. Our findings revealed a scarcity of relevant review documents, with most being case reports or retrospective studies conducted in single centers with small sample sizes. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct large-scale, multicenter prospective studies and long-term follow-up to validate the long-term efficacy of UC. This article reviews the development history of UC and focuses on a comprehensive discussion of its indications, surgical techniques, and complications.

输尿管上段狭窄是一种相对罕见的疾病，但在临床实践中越来越多地遇到。虽然简单的狭窄通常可以通过腔内治疗或手术重建来解决，但复杂的输尿管上段狭窄却带来了挑战，特别是对于患有肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（UPJO）或肾周骨盆纤维化和先前手术造成的疤痕的患者。这些病例给传统的腔内和输尿管重建治疗带来了困难，给许多临床外科医生带来了重大问题。我们的研究涉及对输尿管造口术（UC）现有文献的彻底搜索和综合分析。文献表明UC是治疗输尿管狭窄安全有效的方法。通过切除肾下极实质，可以实现肾盏和输尿管粘膜之间的粘膜吻合，从而恢复正常的尿液排泄。该技术已成为治疗复杂的输尿管上段狭窄的替代方法。然而，开放手术与微创手术之间缺乏直接的比较研究。我们的研究结果显示，相关综述文件的缺乏，大多数是病例报告或在单个中心进行的小样本回顾性研究。因此，开展大规模、多中心前瞻性研究和长期随访以验证UC的长期疗效至关重要。本文回顾了UC的发展历史，重点对其适应症、手术技术和并发症进行了全面讨论。