Recycling end-of-life lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are critical to mitigating pollution and recouping valuable resources. It remains imperative to determine the most eco-friendly and cost-effective process. This article presents a comprehensive assessment of two domestic hydrometallurgical and three laboratory-level recycling processes for end-of-life LFP battery cathode materials. The environmental impacts across six categories, including climate change, human toxicity and carcinogenicity, abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxidation, are assessed using CML-IA baseline method, and the economic performance is analyzed based on 2022 material and energy prices. Results indicate that: 1) Acid-free extraction exhibits the lowest environmental impacts, while those of acid-leach precipitation and sulfide roasting are relatively high; 2) Laboratory-level processes with lower direct emissions, including wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste, consider that indirect emissions may lead to larger environmental impacts; 3) Economically, acid-leach distillation is the most profitable. Currently, acid-free extraction is generally the most recommended. With the optimization of energy structure in China, the environmental performance of sulfide roasting should be greatly improved.

回收报废的磷酸铁锂 (LFP) 电池对于减轻污染和回收宝贵资源至关重要。确定最环保和最具成本效益的工艺仍然是当务之急。本文对报废磷酸铁锂电池正极材料的两种国内湿法冶金和三种实验室级回收工艺进行了全面评估。采用CML-IA基线法评估气候变化、人体毒性和致癌性、非生物资源枯竭、酸化、富营养化和光化学氧化等六大类环境影响，并根据2022年材料和能源价格分析经济绩效。结果表明：1）无酸提取对环境的影响最小，酸浸沉淀和硫化物焙烧的环境影响相对较高；2）直接排放量较低的实验室级工艺，包括废水、废气、固体废物，考虑间接排放可能导致较大的环境影响；3）经济上，酸浸蒸馏是最有利可图的。目前，通常最推荐无酸提取。随着我国能源结构的优化，硫化物焙烧的环保性能应得到大幅提升。