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Composition, Release, and Transformation of Earthworm Tissue-Bound Residues of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Soil
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09051 Xiaoming Yun 1 , Lidan Zhang 1 , Wenji Wang 1 , Jianqiang Gu 1 , Yongfeng Wang 1 , Yujie He 1 , Rong Ji 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09051 Xiaoming Yun 1 , Lidan Zhang 1 , Wenji Wang 1 , Jianqiang Gu 1 , Yongfeng Wang 1 , Yujie He 1 , Rong Ji 1
Affiliation
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Earthworms accumulate organic pollutants to form earthworm tissue-bound residues (EBRs); however, the composition and fate of EBRs in soil remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-derived EBRs in soil for 250 days using a 14C-radioactive isotope tracer and the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi. The EBRs of TBBPA in soil were rapidly transformed into nonextractable residues (NERs), mainly in the form of sequestered and ester-linked residues. After 250 days of incubation, 4.9% of the initially applied EBRs were mineralized and 69.3% were released to extractable residues containing TBBPA and its transformation products (TPs, generated mainly via debromination, O-methylation, and skeletal cleavage). Soil microbial activity and autolytic enzymes of earthworms jointly contributed to the release process. In their full-life period, the earthworms overall retained 24.1% TBBPA and its TPs in soil and thus prolonged the persistence of these pollutants. Our study explored, for the first time, the composition and fate of organic pollutant-derived EBRs in soil and indicated that the decomposition of earthworms may release pollutants and cause potential environmental risks of concern, which should be included in both environmental risk assessment and soil remediation using earthworms.
中文翻译：
土壤中蚯蚓组织结合四溴双酚 A 残留物的组成、释放和转化
蚯蚓积累有机污染物，形成蚯蚓组织结合残留物（EBR）；然而，土壤中 EBR 的组成和命运仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们使用14 C 放射性同位素示踪剂和土食性蚯蚓Metaphire guillelmi研究了土壤中四溴双酚 A (TBBPA) 衍生的 EBR 250 天的命运。土壤中 TBBPA 的 EBR 迅速转化为不可提取残留物 (NER)，主要以隔离和酯连接残留物的形式存在。经过 250 天的培养，最初施用的 EBR 中有 4.9% 被矿化，69.3% 被释放为含有 TBBPA 及其转化产物（TP，主要通过脱溴、 O-甲基化和骨架裂解产生）的可提取残留物。土壤微生物活性和蚯蚓自溶酶共同促进了释放过程。在其整个生命周期中，蚯蚓在土壤中总体保留了24.1%的TBBPA及其TPs，从而延长了这些污染物的持久性。我们的研究首次探讨了土壤中有机污染物来源的EBRs的组成和去向，并表明蚯蚓的分解可能会释放污染物并引起潜在的环境风险，应将其纳入环境风险评估和土壤风险评估中。使用蚯蚓进行修复。
更新日期：2024-01-18
中文翻译：
土壤中蚯蚓组织结合四溴双酚 A 残留物的组成、释放和转化
蚯蚓积累有机污染物，形成蚯蚓组织结合残留物（EBR）；然而，土壤中 EBR 的组成和命运仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们使用14 C 放射性同位素示踪剂和土食性蚯蚓Metaphire guillelmi研究了土壤中四溴双酚 A (TBBPA) 衍生的 EBR 250 天的命运。土壤中 TBBPA 的 EBR 迅速转化为不可提取残留物 (NER)，主要以隔离和酯连接残留物的形式存在。经过 250 天的培养，最初施用的 EBR 中有 4.9% 被矿化，69.3% 被释放为含有 TBBPA 及其转化产物（TP，主要通过脱溴、 O-甲基化和骨架裂解产生）的可提取残留物。土壤微生物活性和蚯蚓自溶酶共同促进了释放过程。在其整个生命周期中，蚯蚓在土壤中总体保留了24.1%的TBBPA及其TPs，从而延长了这些污染物的持久性。我们的研究首次探讨了土壤中有机污染物来源的EBRs的组成和去向，并表明蚯蚓的分解可能会释放污染物并引起潜在的环境风险，应将其纳入环境风险评估和土壤风险评估中。使用蚯蚓进行修复。
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