Abstract

Purpose

Eastern Africa has a complex hydroclimate and socio-economic context, making it vulnerable to climate change-induced hydrological extremes. This review presents recent research on drivers and typologies of extremes across different geographies and highlights challenges and improvements in forecasting hydrological extremes at various timescales.

Recent Findings

Droughts and floods remain the major challenges of the region. Recently, frequent alterations between droughts and floods have been a common occurrence and concern. Research underlines the heterogeneity of extremes and the impact of climate change as increased intensity and duration of extremes. Moreover, the importance of local and antecedent conditions in changing the characteristics of extremes is emphasized.

Summary

A better understanding of these drivers and how they interact is required. Observational and modeling tools must capture these relationships and extremes on short timescales. Although there are improvements in forecasting these extremes, providing relevant information beyond meteorological variables requires further research.

中文翻译：

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气候变化中的水文极端事件：东非极端事件回顾

摘要

目的

东非有着复杂的水文气候和社会经济背景，使其容易受到气候变化引发的极端水文的影响。本综述介绍了关于不同地区极端事件驱动因素和类型的最新研究，并强调了预测不同时间尺度水文极端事件的挑战和改进。

最近的发现

干旱和洪水仍然是该地区的主要挑战。近年来，旱涝交替频繁成为人们普遍关注的问题。研究强调了极端事件的异质性以及气候变化随着极端事件强度和持续时间的增加而产生的影响。此外，还强调了当地和先行条件在改变极端特征方面的重要性。

概括

需要更好地了解这些驱动因素以及它们如何相互作用。观察和建模工具必须在短时间内捕获这些关系和极端情况。尽管对这些极端事件的预测有所改进，但提供气象变量之外的相关信息还需要进一步研究。