Despite the current promise of immunotherapy, many cancer patients still suffer from challenges such as poor immune response rates, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical efficacy of existing therapies. There is an urgent need to combine emerging biomedical discoveries and innovations in traditional therapies. Modulation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway represents an important innate immunotherapy pathway that serves as a crucial DNA sensing mechanism in innate immunity and viral defense. It has attracted increasing attention as an emerging target for cancer therapy. The recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the significant utilization of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties such as large specific surface area and efficient permeability. Given the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy driven by the cGAS-STING activation, this study reviews the latest research progress in employing nanomaterials to modulate this signaling pathway. Based on the introduction of the main activation mechanisms of cGAS-STING pathway, this review focuses on nanomaterials that mediate the agonists involved and effectively activate this signaling pathway. In addition, combination nanotherapeutics based on the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway are also discussed, including emerging strategies combining nanoformulated agonists with chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as other immunomodulation in tumor targeting therapy. Given the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy driven by the cGAS / STING activation, this study reviews the latest research advances in the use of nanomaterials to modulate this signaling pathway. Based on the introduction of key cGAS-STING components and their activation mechanisms, this review focuses on nanomaterials that can mediate the corresponding agonists and effectively activate this signaling pathway. In addition, combination nanotherapies based on the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway are also discussed, including emerging strategies combining nanoformulated agonists with chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as immunomodulation in cancer therapy,.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料介导的 cGAS-STING 信号通路调节用于增强癌症免疫治疗

尽管免疫疗法目前前景广阔，但许多癌症患者仍然面临着免疫应答率低等挑战，导致现有疗法的临床疗效不理想。迫切需要将新兴的生物医学发现与传统疗法的创新结合起来。 cGAS-STING 信号通路的调节代表了重要的先天免疫治疗通路，是先天免疫和病毒防御中至关重要的 DNA 传感机制。作为癌症治疗的新兴靶点，它越来越受到人们的关注。纳米技术的最新进展导致纳米材料在癌症免疫治疗中得到广泛应用，因为它们具有大的比表面积和高效的渗透性等特殊的理化特性。鉴于cGAS-STING激活驱动的癌症免疫疗法的快速发展，本研究回顾了利用纳米材料调节该信号通路的最新研究进展。本文在介绍cGAS-STING通路主要激活机制的基础上，重点介绍介导相关激动剂并有效激活该信号通路的纳米材料。此外，还讨论了基于cGAS-STING信号通路激活的联合纳米治疗药物，包括将纳米制剂激动剂与化疗、放疗以及肿瘤靶向治疗中的其他免疫调节相结合的新兴策略。鉴于cGAS/STING激活驱动的癌症免疫疗法的快速发展，本研究回顾了利用纳米材料调节该信号通路的最新研究进展。本文在介绍cGAS-STING关键成分及其激活机制的基础上，重点关注能够介导相应激动剂并有效激活该信号通路的纳米材料。此外，还讨论了基于 cGAS-STING 信号通路激活的联合纳米疗法，包括将纳米制剂激动剂与化疗、放疗以及癌症治疗中的免疫调节相结合的新兴策略。