In the context of climate change, high temperature is one of the main abiotic stresses hampering durum wheat production. Through the characterization of an international panel of 271 genotypes, this study investigates the effects of heat stress on quality traits and identifies which glutenins (Glu-1, Glu-2 and Glu-3 loci) alleles are the most important to obtain high gluten strength under optimal and high temperature conditions. In parallel with the wide variability observed in the panel, the genotype and environmental effects, including their interaction, showed highly significant effect on test weight, thousand kernel weight, grain protein content (GPC), sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume (SDSS) and SDSS index. Only one genotype maintained test weight and thousand kernel weight under heat-stress conditions whereas for GPC, SDSS and SDSS index, most genotypes increased values. All Glu loci had significant effects on grain protein content (with the exception of Glu-B2), SDSS and SDSS Index. None of the Glu loci interacted with the environment or years under study. Among the identified alleles, Glu-A1b, Glu-B1an, Glu-B1a, Glu-B2a, Glu-A3a.x, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3ax (including the LMW-2 pattern) were associated with high values for SDSS and SDSS Index. Genotypes identified in this study, with good performances under optimal and high temperature growing conditions, could be useful for breeding programs. The non-interaction of the Glu loci with the environment facilitates the introgression of desired alleles regardless of high growing temperatures.

中文翻译：

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热应激反应和麦谷蛋白等位基因变异对硬粒小麦品质性状的影响

在气候变化的背景下，高温是阻碍硬粒小麦生产的主要非生物胁迫之一。通过对 271 个基因型的国际小组进行表征，本研究调查了热应激对品质性状的影响，并确定了哪些麦谷蛋白（Glu-1、Glu-2和Glu-3位点）等位基因对于获得高面筋强度最重要在最佳和高温条件下。与面板中观察到的广泛变异性相平行，基因型和环境影响（包括它们的相互作用）对容重、千粒重、籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC）、十二烷基硫酸钠沉降体积（SDSS）和SDSS表现出高度显着的影响指数。只有一种基因型在热应激条件下保持容重和千粒重，而对于 GPC、SDSS 和 SDSS 指数，大多数基因型的值都有所增加。所有Glu位点对籽粒蛋白质含量（ Glu-B2除外）、SDSS和SDSS指数均有显着影响。没有一个Glu位点与所研究的环境或年份相互作用。在已识别的等位基因中，Glu-A1b、Glu-B1an、Glu-B1a、Glu-B2a、Glu-A3a.x、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3a 和 Glu-B3ax（包括 LMW-2 模式）与高风险相关。 SDSS 和 SDSS 指数的值。本研究中确定的基因型在最佳和高温生长条件下具有良好的性能，可用于育种计划。无论生长温度如何， Glu位点与环境的非相互作用都有助于所需等位基因的渗入。