As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers, sulfur corrosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high-voltage engineering. Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) copper windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur corrosion resistance by slowing down intergranular corrosion. In this study, the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD copper windings under various temperatures were experimentally and theoretically studied. Results show that GBCD can enhance the corrosion resistance of copper in liquid environments. With the increase in temperatures, the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional copper windings experience notable degradation, while GBCD copper windings show more stable insulating behaviours. In addition, modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD copper windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Ų. Calculations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD copper windings possess a higher failure temperature (135.2°C) and inhibition degree (activation energy) of the sulfur corrosion (32,557.62 J/mol), revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.

中文翻译：

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不同高温下晶界特征分布对铜绕组硫腐蚀行为及机理的影响

硫腐蚀作为变压器的典型失效现象，引起了高压工程领域的广泛关注。引入晶界特征分布 (GBCD) 铜绕组，通过减缓晶间腐蚀来增强抗硫腐蚀性能。本研究对GBCD铜绕组在不同温度下的硫腐蚀行为和机理进行了实验和理论研究。结果表明GBCD可以增强铜在液体环境中的耐腐蚀性能。随着温度的升高，传统铜绕组中的油和纸的绝缘性能明显下降，而GBCD铜绕组表现出更稳定的绝缘性能。此外，晶界能建模表明GBCD铜绕组的晶界结构具有较低的平均界面能，为0.170 eV/Å ²。反应热力学计算表明，GBCD铜绕组具有较高的失效温度（135.2℃）和硫腐蚀抑制度（活化能）（32,557.62 J/mol），揭示了高温下的稳定性和增强的抗硫腐蚀能力。