Cognitive models of psychosis have stimulated empirical studies on cognitive biases involved in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and their symptoms. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies on the role of cognitive biases as assessed in different performance-based tasks in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states. We focused on five cognitive biases linked to psychosis, i.e., aberrant salience, attentional biases, source monitoring biases, jumping to conclusions, and bias against disconfirmatory evidence. We identified = 324 studies published in = 308 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria. Most studies have been cross-sectional and confirmed that the schizophrenia spectrum psychoses are related to exaggerated cognitive biases compared to healthy controls. On the contrary, less evidence suggests a higher tendency for cognitive biases in the UHR sample. The only exceptions were source monitoring and jumping to conclusions, which were confirmed to be exaggerated in both clinical groups. Hallucinations and delusions were the most frequent symptoms studied in the context of cognitive biases. Based on the findings, we presented a hypothetical model on the role of interactions between cognitive biases or additive effects of biases in shaping the risk of psychosis. Future research is warranted for further development of cognitive models for psychosis.

中文翻译：

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对精神分裂症谱系精神病和临床高危状态认知偏差的基于绩效的评估研究的系统评价：40 年研究总结


精神病的认知模型刺激了对精神分裂症谱系精神病及其症状所涉及的认知偏差的实证研究。本系统评价旨在总结在精神分裂症谱系精神病和临床高危状态中不同基于绩效的任务中评估的认知偏倚作用的研究。我们关注了与精神病相关的五种认知偏倚，即异常显著性、注意力偏倚、来源监控偏倚、匆忙下结论和对否定性证据的偏倚。我们确定了 = 324 项研究，发表在 = 308 篇符合纳入标准的文章中。大多数研究都是横断面的，并证实与健康对照相比，精神分裂症谱系精神病与夸大的认知偏差有关。相反，较少的证据表明 UHR 样本中认知偏差的倾向更高。唯一的例外是来源监测和匆忙下结论，这在两个临床组中都被证实被夸大了。幻觉和妄想是在认知偏差背景下研究的最常见症状。基于这些发现，我们提出了一个关于认知偏倚之间的相互作用或偏倚的加性效应在塑造精神病风险中的作用的假设模型。未来的研究对于进一步开发精神病的认知模型是必要的。