2,4-Di--butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is used as an antioxidant added to plastics. Due to its potential toxicity and relatively high concentrations in environments and presence in human tissue, concern has been raised for 2,4-DTBP as a contaminant associated with adverse health outcomes. However, studies on the toxicity of 2,4-DTBP are relatively limited, especially for benthic aquatic organisms. In this study, Asian clams () were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,4-DTBP (0.01–1 μM, corresponding to 2.06–206.32 μg/L) for 21 days. Accumulation of 2,4-DTBP was noted in both gills and digestive glands, with the latter presenting as the primary target tissue. Increased damage rate of digestive tube and cellular DNA damage were observed in the digestive glands of 2,4-DTBP exposed clams. The injury was attributed to the imbalance of the antioxidant system, characterized by elevated oxidative stress and inflammation (upregulation of ROS, MDA, NO, and pro-inflammatory factors). In contrast, upon 2,4-DTBP exposure, antioxidant system in gills was activated, while ROS and NO were not promoted. Moreover, NF-κB and IL-1 were significantly decreased. These results suggested that biochemical mechanisms were activated in gills to maintain homeostasis. Internal exposure in the digestive gland was significantly correlated with the biochemical biomarkers tested, underscoring the potential risk associated with the bioaccumulation of 2,4-DTBP from contaminated environments. These findings provide novel insights into toxicity of 2,4-DTBP in bivalves, contributing valuable knowledge to risk assessment and chemical management.

中文翻译：

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暴露于环境水平的 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚会影响亚洲蛤（Corbicula Fluminea）的消化腺并诱发炎症

2,4-二丁基苯酚（2,4-DTBP）用作塑料中的抗氧化剂。由于 2,4-DTBP 具有潜在毒性，且在环境中和人体组织中的浓度相对较高，因此人们对 2,4-DTBP 作为与不良健康结果相关的污染物表示担忧。然而，关于2,4-DTBP毒性的研究相对有限，特别是对于底栖水生生物。在这项研究中，亚洲蛤 () 暴露于环境相关浓度的 2,4-DTBP（0.01–1 μM，相当于 2.06–206.32 μg/L）中 21 天。在鳃和消化腺中均发现了 2,4-DTBP 的积累，其中后者是主要目标组织。在2,4-DTBP暴露的蛤的消化腺中观察到消化管损伤率增加和细胞DNA损伤。损伤归因于抗氧化系统失衡，其特点是氧化应激和炎症升高（ROS、MDA、NO 和促炎因子上调）。相反，暴露于2,4-DTBP后，鳃中的抗氧化系统被激活，而ROS和NO没有被促进。此外，NF-κB和IL-1显着降低。这些结果表明，鳃中的生化机制被激活以维持体内平衡。消化腺的内部暴露与测试的生化生物标志物显着相关，强调了与污染环境中 2,4-DTBP 生物累积相关的潜在风险。这些发现为双壳类动物中 2,4-DTBP 的毒性提供了新的见解，为风险评估和化学品管理提供了宝贵的知识。